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muscles & joints
A&P chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| arthroscopy | visualization of the interior of a joint by using an endoscope |
| bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe |
| crepitation/crepitatis | clicking or crackling sound heard upon joint movement |
| subluxation | an incomplete dislocation |
| oseteoarthritis | aka DJD or degenerative joint disease - most common form of arthritis results from wear and tear on the joints (hips and knees) |
| joint | articulation |
| smooth/visceral muscle | found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes such as stomach, intestines, blood vessels & respiratory passageways |
| shoulder muscle | deltoid |
| calf muscle | gastrocnemius |
| muscle of the fleshy part of the buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| supination | the act of turning the palm up or forward |
| pronation | the act of turning the palm down or backward |
| chest muscle | pectoralis major |
| dorsiflexion | bending the foot backward or upward at the ankle |
| vastus lateralis | located on the outer side of the femur (sight for IM injections) |
| flexion | bending motion that decreases the angle between two bones |
| extension | straightening motion that increases the angle between two bones |
| plantar flexion | bending the foot downward at the ankle as in ballet dancing |
| insertion | point of attachment of the muscle to the bone it moves |
| origin | point of attachment of the muscle to the bone that is less movable |
| ganglion | cystic tumor developing on a tendon (sometimes on back of wrist) |
| arthralagia | pain in the joints |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| masseter muscle | located at the angle of the jaw - raises the mandible and closes the jaw - used when biting or chewing |
| adduction | movement toward midline |
| abduction | movement away from midline |
| rotator cuff | helps lift and rotate the arm - hold the head of the humerus in places during abduction of the arm (shoulder) |
| involuntary muscles | cardiac and smooth/visceral |
| voluntary muscles | skeletal |
| striated muscles | cardiac and skeletal |
| non-striated muscles | smooth/visceral |
| myocitis | inflammation of the muscle |
| myalgia | muscle pain fibromyalgia = chronic condition - muscle pain throughout the body |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve characterized by pain along the course of the nerve, radiating through the thigh and down the back of the leg |
| bursa | small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around the joint |
| dystonia | pertaining to bad tone |
| ligament | attaches bone to bone |
| tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| fascia | thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle |
| polyarthritis | inflammation of many joints |
| polymyocitis | inflammation of many muscles |
| atrophy | without development - wasting away |
| dystrophy | bad formation |
| rotation | turning of the bone on its own axis |
| circumduction | movement of an extremity around in a circular motion |
| plegia | paralysis |
| paresis | partial paralysis |
| sprain | injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint - wrenching or twisting motion (knee, ankle) |
| strain | injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of a tendon caused by overstretching, overextension or misuse |
| sutures | fibrous joints, immovable (cranial) |
| cartilaginous joint | the bones are connected by cartilage - symphysis = joint between the pucbic bones of the pelvis |
| inversion | movement where toes are turned inward towards midline |
| eversion | movement where toes are turned outward away from midline |
| sternocleidomastoid | muscle that extends from the sternum upward along the side of the neck to the mastoid process (behind the ear) - assists with bending your neck and turning head side to side |
| dislocation | displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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