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earth's topography
chap 8 review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the core | solid inner and liquid oute, mostly made of iron some nickel 5400-9000 F 2200 mile radius |
| mantle | 1800 miles thick mafic minerals, 3300-5100 F, mostly plastic, upper portion brittle |
| crust | thinnest layer of earth's crust 5-25 miles thick, made of igneous metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. denser rocks further down in crust. |
| continental crust | maefic on bottom and felsic on top less dense and and thicker than oceanic |
| oceanic crust | maefic composition, thinner and denser |
| moho | boundary between the crust and mantle |
| lithosphere | the crust and upper brittle portion of the mantle |
| asthenosphere | softer plastic portion of the mantle |
| alpine chains | active mountain-making belts are narrow zones that are found along the margins of lithospheric plates *formed by plate collisions* |
| alpine chains- mountain arcs | circum pacific belt eurasian indonesian belt |
| continental shields | basis of continent building due to resistance to weathering |
| exposed continental shields | older igneous and metamorphic, inactive |
| covered continental shields (platform) | younger sedimentary rocks on top of exposed shields |
| ancient mountain roots | inactive mountain regions, evidence of former plate tectonic activity |
| oceanic trench | depression in sea floor deepest part of sea floor feature of convergent plate boundaries |
| midoceanic ridge | submarine hills of balsatic rock formed by sea floor spreading |
| axial rift | narrow trench like features in center of mid oceanic ridge |
| abyssal plain | deep sea floor mostly flat with some mountain ranges caused by sea floor spreading |
| continental shelf | sediments derived from continent below sea level |
| folds | layers of rock folded by tectonic processes and compression |
| 3 types of folds (gradational) | normal to overturned to recumbent |
| anticline | type of fold with oldest beds at its core (upside down U) ridges hills |
| syncline | depressions (u shape) youngeest layers closest to center |
| fault | movement on fracture plane |
| the 3 types of faults | normal, transform, reverse |
| horst | up throw of footwall with fault (the corner) |
| graben | low point between 2 faults (creates valley) |
| subduction | when two plates collide and one moves under the other plate |
| oregeny | an area of the earths crust is foldedand deformed fromlateral compression |
| ratio of continent to water | 71% ocean and 29% continent |
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