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Infectious Diseases
For HealthScience @ CCE - 2016
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Microorganism | An organism visible only with the assistance of a microscope. |
| Bacteria | A class of single-celled prokaryotic organisms that lack nuclei and organelles, typically protected by a rigid cell wall. |
| Protozoa | A class of unicellular eukaryotic animal-like organisms that consume other microorganisms for energy. |
| Fungi | A class of unicellular eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrition from other living or dead organisms and are protected by a cell wall of chitin. |
| Rickettsiae | A class of inherently parasitic bacteria that have the ability to change shape, and are often transmitted by arthropods, animals, and fecal matter. |
| Viruses | A class of non-living, prokaryotic microorganisms that contain a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protective “capsid” protein sheath, and can only reproduce within a host cell. |
| Aerobic | Growing, living, or occurring in the presence of air |
| Airborne Precautions | CDC guidelines for reducing the risk of airborne transmission of pathogens |
| Anaerobic | Growing, living, or occurring in the absence of air |
| Asepsis | The removal of all pathogens from a surface |
| Autoclave | A machine that sterilizes objects with steam under pressure |
| Chain of Infection | Chain describing how pathogens are transmitted |
| Chemical Disinfection | Using chemicals to disinfect items |
| Clean | Free of visible dirt or grime |
| Communicable Disease | A disease that can infect another person |
| Contact Precautions | Standard precautions for preventing the transmission of pathogens through direct/indirect contact |
| Contaminated | Surface with pathogens |
| Disinfection | Destroying or preventing the development of potentially harmful microorganisms |
| Droplet Precautions | CDC Guidelines to prevent transmission of pathogens via droplets produced by talking, coughing, sneezing, etc. through exposure |
| Endogenous | Disease originating inside body (e.g. cancer). |
| Exogenous | Disease originating outside body (e.g. pathogen). |
| Fomites | Items that have been in contact with a host of an infectious disease, that could possibly carry the pathogen, e.g. clothes, sheets |
| Hepatitis B | Hepatitis transmitted by exposure to blood or bodily fluids. |
| Hepatitis C | Hepatitis transmitted by blood. |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Disease caused by HIV, that suppresses immune system significantly |
| Mode of Transmission | How a pathogen is transmitted (inhalation, ingestion, etc.) |
| Nonpathogens | Microorganisms that aren’t disease-producing. |
| Nosocomial | Hospital-acquired. |
| Opportunistic | A microorganism that normally isn’t harmful, but harms susceptible hosts. |
| Pathogens | Disease-producing microorganism |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE’s) | Attire that’s part of standard precautions, designed and worn to prevent exposure to pathogens when in contact with patient or their fluids |
| Portal of Entry | Where a pathogen enters a new host |
| Portal of Exit | Where a pathogen leaves its reservoir |
| Protective (Reverse) Isolation | Protecting a susceptible host from pathogens carried by the environment and staff |
| Reservoir | The organism in which a pathogen resides |
| Standard Precautions | CDC-recommended guidelines for reducing the risk of pathogen transmission in healthcare facilities |
| Sterile | Describing a surface that all microorganisms have been removed from |
| Sterile Field | An area that is totally sterilized, with all healthcare workers in sterile garments |
| Sterilization | The process of destroying all microorganisms on a surface or device |
| Susceptible Host | A host who, for various reasons, is more susceptible to contract a disease |
| Transmission-based Isolation | Isolating patients who are suspected of being hosts of a communicable disease |
| Bio-Hazard | Biological organisms that threaten the health of humans |
Created by:
brandon2000
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