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The New World
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Silk Road | Transportation path used for luxury goods to travel from Asia to Europe |
| Marco Polo | First man to document travels to Asia, but not first to travel there. |
| Mehmed the Conqueror | Once he took Constantinople (renamed Istanbul), cut off trade to East (Ottomans), so overland trade was interrupted |
| Mongol Empire | This group was declining in power, so Western Asia was not safe for trade because of a lack of regulation. |
| Reasons for new route to East Asia | Adventure, trade, money, expansion of religion. |
| Magnetic compass | Tool used for sailing, helped show magnetic fields for direction |
| Astrolabe | Tool used to measure the altitude of the sun |
| Navigation charts | Used by Prince Henry the Navigator to better understand and learn travel |
| Prince Henry "The Navigator" | Portuguese who wanted more accurate maps and wind charts. Explored West coast of Africa |
| Bartolomeo Diaz | Portuguese who rounded the Cape of Good hope in 1488. |
| Vasco Da Gama | Portuguese who traveled across the Indian Ocean into Western India |
| Pedro Alvarez Cabral | Portuguese who was blown across the Atlantic and landed in Brazil, which he claimed for Portugal |
| Alfonso de Albuquerque | Portuguese who seized Malacca at the Malay Peninsula (Malaysia/Thailand) and "spice islands" which helped control the most profitable sea trade. |
| Factories | Portuguese trading stations that helped its government gain wealth. Not colonies, |
| Reasons for short Portuguese leadership in expansion | Their population was too small, not enough money, high competition, lost independence to Spain. |
| Reasons for Spanish exploration | Gold, God, Glory, and land |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian who was one of the first to sail West. Not highly regarded because failed to bring back riches for Spanish king and queen. |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Italian who first discovered that West Indies and Brazil were not part of Eastern Asia. |
| Hernan Cortez | Spanish recognized for conquering the Aztecs |
| Ferdinand Mallegan | Portuguese who is recognized for sailing around the world even though he died before finishing travel. |
| Iberians (Peninsularis) | Spanish colonies' top of society - whites from Spain |
| Creoles | Spanish colonies' second of society - whites from the New World |
| Natives | Spanish colonies' last of society - would eventually be replaced by other land-workers |
| African slaves | Spanish colonies' last of society - took over Amerindians once they died of diseases. |
| Mestizo | Term for white mixed with Amerindian. |
| Mulatto | Term for white mixed with African. |
| Encomienda system | System of work placed upon Natives in which Iberians were in charge |
| Reasons for Spanish decline in leadership in exploration | Spanish crown very wealthy, so were targeted by other nations |
| Reasons for Dutch exploration | Wealth via monopolies, not religion, so Natives get along easier. Create not-very-successful colonies. |
| Dutch East India Company | A joint-stock company that funded exploration for Holland. |
| Reasons for English dominance 1650s -1945 | At first, War of Roses, Church arrangement, etc, gave them slow start, but grew in power (India, North America, Caribbean) |
| Triangular Trade | A system of trade in which Europe sent manufactured goods, Africa sent slaves, and the Americas sent the raw products. |
| Middle Passage | Also known as the slave trade - part of the Triangular trade from Africa to the Americas. |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of food, products, animals, goods, tobacco, people, diseases, ideas, religions, etc. between Old and New World. |
| Ship Hulls | The base of the boat which improved |
| Rigging | The ropes and sails of a boat which improved |
| Caravel | Smaller boats used for quicker travel, but with less room to store equipment. |
| Firearms | Used by Portuguese for protection, strength, and power. |
| Mercantilism | An economic policy used 16th-18th century for nations to become as wealthy as possible. Constituted of a favorable trade balance which means more exports than imports to serve Mother Country |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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