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dem bones
Chapter 6 A&P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Closed Fracture | fx that does not puncture the skin - aka simple fracture |
| Open Fracture | fx that penetrates the skin aka compound fracture |
| Greenstick Fracture | incomplete fx - breaks on one side but not the other |
| Hairline Fracture | stress fx - slight fx that does not affect bone alignment |
| Ossifcation | formation of a bone |
| medial malleolus | inside ankle bone |
| lateral malleolus | outside ankle bone |
| acromion | spoon-shaped projection of the scapula |
| cheek bone | zygomatic bone |
| kneecap | patella |
| lower jaw bone | mandible - only bone in skull that moves |
| forehead | frontal |
| tail bone | coccyx |
| thigh bone | femur - longest, strongest, heaviest bone in body |
| heel bone | calcaneus |
| collar bone | clavicle |
| spine | vertebrae - back bone |
| breast bone | sternum |
| bone process | projections off the bones |
| mastoid process | large projection of the temporal bone (behind ear) |
| laminectomy | removal of a portion of the vertebrae |
| spongy bone | cancellous or trabecular bone |
| club foot | talipes equinovarus |
| fontanel | soft spot - space between cranial bones in an infant |
| foramen | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass |
| condyle | knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone |
| carpals | bones of the wrist - 8 in total |
| bone depression | concave areas or openings in a bone help form joints or serve as points of attachment for muscle |
| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur |
| Diaphysis | main shaft-like portion of a long bone |
| epiphysis | located at each end of the bone |
| epiphyseal line | layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis - growth plate (ossification - when it solidifies) |
| spine | sharp projections from the surface of a bone |
| hyoid bone | point of attachment for muscles of the tongue and throat |
| cervical vertebrae | first segment of the vertebral column C1-C7 |
| thoracic vertebrae | second segment of vertebral column T1-T12 |
| lumbar vertebrae | third segment of the vertebral column L1-L5 |
| sacrum | fourth segment of the vertebral column - triangular shaped bone that is made up of five fused bones |
| coccyx | fifth segment of the vertebral column - tail bone - made up of four fused bones |
| spinous process | projecting from the midline of the back of the vertebral arch |
| transverse process | extends laterally from the vertebral arch |
| three parts of the sternum | manubruium, body, xiphoid process |
| three kinds of ribs | true, false, floating |
| true ribs | the first seven pairs of ribs that attach to the sternum in the front and the vertebrae in the back |
| false ribs | ribs 9-10 - connect in back to the vertebrae and to sternum in front by cartilage |
| floating ribs | ribs 11-12 - only attached to vertebrae in the back - |
| costal cartilage | extends from each individual rib - attaches to sternum |
| intercoastal spaces | spaces between the ribs |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral (left or right) curvature of a portion of the spine |
| kyphosis | abnormal outward curvature of the portion of the spine commonly known as humpback or hunchback |
| lordosis | abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine swayback |
| complete fracture | break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone |
| compression fracture | cause by bone surfaces being forced against each other |
| impacted fracture | the force of the break causes the broken end of the smaller bone to be jammed into the broken end of the larger bone |
| comminuted fracture | the force is so great that the bone is splintered or crushed - closed fx but would need open reduction repair |
| Colles' fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1" of the wrist |
| pathological fracture | occurs when a bone is weakened by a preexisting disease (such as osteoporosis) |
| open reduction | surgical to repair fractures |
| closed reduction | aligning fractured bones through manual manipulation |
| red marrow | where blood formation occurs |
| periosteum | thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of long bones |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells |
| osteoclasts | large cells that absorb bony tissue |
| sesamoid | irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint kneecap |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| articular cartilage | covers joint surfaces |
| yellow marrow | stores fat |
| spongy bone | cancellous bone (travecular) |
| fissure | groove or depression in bone |
| sinus | hollow space in a bone |
| fossa | hollow or shallow concave depression in bone |
| maxilla | upper jaw bones |
| sutures | immovable joints (fibrous) |
| innominate bone | bone formed from the fusion of the ilium, ishchum, pubis and hip bone |
| osteomalacia | abnormal softening of the bones - known in children as rickets |
| osteomyelitis | infection of the bone and bone marrow - spread to the bone tissue through blood |
| osteoporosis | porous bones - bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density - greater susceptibility to fractures |
| osteochondroma | most common benign bone tumor |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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