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terminology
A&P Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| four types of tissue | connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous |
| connective tissue | supports and binds other body tissue and parts - liquid (blood), fatty (protective padding) fibrous (tendons & ligaments), cartilage (rings around trachea), solid (bone) |
| epithelial tissue | covers internal and external organs, lines vessels, body cavities, glands & organs |
| muscle tissue | produces movement via contraction & relaxation of muscle fibers |
| three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth/visceral, cardiac |
| skeletal muscle tissue | attaches to bone & is responsible for movement voluntary & striated |
| smooth/visceral muscle tissue | found in the walls of hollow internal organs (i.e. inside stomach & intestines) involuntary and non-striated) |
| cardiac muscle tissue | found in the heart involuntary & striated |
| nervous tissue | transmits impulses, activates, coordinates & controls many of the body functions |
| Five body cavities | Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, cranial, spinal |
| Thoracic cavity | contains lungs, heart, esophagus aorta, trachea |
| abdominal cavity | contains liver, gall bladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, kidneys |
| pelvic cavity | contains urinary bladder & reproductive organs |
| cranial cavity | contains the brain |
| spinal cavity | contains nerves of the spinal cord |
| What does the dorsal cavity include? | Cranial and Spinal cavity (in back) |
| What is the ventral cavity made up of? | Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity (in front) |
| What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? | the diaphragm |
| What is the pelvic cavity + the abdominal cavity called? | abdominopelvic cavity |
| What do a group of cells make up? | tissues |
| What do a group of tissues make up? | organs |
| What do a group of organs make up? | organ system |
| What does a group of organ systems make up? | an organism |
| Anterior | pertaining to front of the body - toward belly |
| Posterior | pertaining to the back of the body |
| Ventral | pertaining to the front - belly side |
| Dorsal | pertaining to the back |
| Medial | toward the mid-line of the body |
| lateral | toward side of the body - away from mid-line |
| superficial | pertaining to the surface of the body |
| deep | away from the surface - toward inside of body |
| superior | above/upward toward the head |
| inferior | below/downward toward tail or feet |
| cranial | pertaining to skull/cranial |
| caudal | pertaining to tail |
| distal | away from/farthest from the trunk of the body |
| proximal | toward/nearest to trunk of body |
| neoplasia | the new/abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant |
| anaplasia | a change in structure of cells, characterized by loss of differentiation & reversion to a more primitive form |
| aplasia | without formation |
| plantar | pertaining to the sole/bottom of foot |
| dorsum | back/posterior surface of a part - top of the foot |
| another word for coronal plane | frontal plane - divides body into front (anterior/ventral) to back (posterior/dorsal) |
| transverse plane | divides body into top (superior/cranial) and bottom (inferior/caudal) |
| midsagittal plane | body midline - divides body into equal right and left halves |
| medial | towards the midline |
| lateral | towards the side of the body, away from midline |
| cytogoly | study of cells |
| histology | study of tissues |
| membrane | thin layer of tissue that covers a surface (lines a cavity or separates) i.e. peritoneum |
| peritoneum | membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall containing viscera |
| viscera | internal organs |
| cell membrane | the outer layer or covering of a cell |
| how many divisions (segments) of the back? what are they? | five cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx |
| cervical vertebrae | C1 - C7 - 7 vertabrae |
| thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 - 12 vertabrae |
| lumbar vertebrae | L1-L5 - 5 vertabrae |
| sacrum | five fused bones |
| coccyx | tail bone - 4 fused bones |
| intervertebral disc | cartilage that rests between vertebrae acts like a cushion or shock absorber |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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