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Mangram Ch. 1-2 Test
Egypt and Mesopotamia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nomad | a person that roams from place to place in search of food with no permanent settlement |
| hunter/gatherer | people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive (Paleolithic Age) |
| Neolithic Revolution | time period where humans transitioned to farming and permanent settlements |
| Paleolithic Age | old stone age, a time of glaciers and hunter/gatherers |
| hominid | an early ancestor of humans |
| Rift Valley | Place in Africa where fossil discoveries were made |
| Lucy | the oldest skeletal remains ever found, in 1974 |
| Leakeys | archaeologists who discovered many human remains |
| Fertile Crescent | rich farmland in Southwest Asia, between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea (Mesopotamia) |
| Effects of Neolithic Revolution | fire, early farming tools, polished stone tools, pottery, grow crops, raise animals = permanent settlements; domestication of animals and cultivation of crops led to settled communities |
| surplus food | stable civilization, increasing population |
| Hammurabi's Code | oldest written system of laws; created by Babylonian King = eye for an eye |
| importance of rivers | agriculture |
| elements of a civilization | central government, organized religion, social classes, art and architecture, cities, infrastructure (roads, bridges, temples, public works), system of writing, job specialization |
| pharaoh | a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader |
| hieroglyphics | an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds |
| cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets |
| subsistence farm | self-sufficiency – farmers grow enough food to feed themselves and their families. Little or no surplus for trade. |
| Mesopotamia | Tigris/Euphrates Rivers, Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent |
| domestication of animals | the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food |
| Old/Middle Kingdoms | Egypt |
| papyrus | a tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper-like material for writing on |
| artifact | hand-made objects form an earlier culture |
| culture | a way of life based on customs, traditions, etc |
| anthropology | study of what makes us human – studies aspects of society in past and present societies |
| polytheistic | belief in many gods |
| cultural diffusion | spread of people, goods, and ideas from culture to culture |
| ziggurat | ancient Mesopotamian, pyramid-like but square structure |
| theocracy | government run by religious leaders |
| mummification | process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying |
Created by:
WGZimm
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