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Medical Term Final
Final Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anti- | against, opposite of |
| brady- | slow |
| endo- | within |
| epi- | above, over, upon, on top |
| neo- | new |
| pre- | to come before |
| a-, an- | without, absence of |
| ab- | away from |
| bi- | two, second |
| hyper- | excessive, abnormally high, above |
| hypo- | deficient, abnormally low, below |
| intra- | within |
| post- | to follow after |
| sub- | under, beneath, below |
| con- | with, together, or jointly |
| contra- | counter or against |
| meta- | after or change |
| ambi- | both |
| di- | double |
| dipl- | double |
| mono- | one |
| nulli- | none |
| pan- | all |
| poly- | excessive, over, many |
| primi- | first |
| quadri- | four |
| semi- | half or partial |
| tri- | three |
| uni- | one |
| ad- | toward |
| ana- | up, toward |
| dia- | through |
| dis- | apart, away |
| Ec- | outside, out |
| Ecto- | outside,out |
| ep- | upon, over, above, or on top |
| eso- | inward |
| extra- | outside |
| infer- | below |
| para- | alongside, abnormal |
| super- | above |
| supra- | above |
| sym- | together or joined |
| syn- | together or joined |
| an- | without, absence of |
| circum- | around |
| dys- | bad, abnormal, painful, difficult |
| eu- | normal, good |
| heter- | different |
| hetero- | different |
| macro- | large |
| mega- | large or great |
| megalo- | large or great |
| mal- | bad |
| micro- | small |
| pseudo- | false |
| tachy- | rapid, fast |
| trans- | through, across, beyond |
| ultra- | beyond normal |
| par- | alongside, abormal |
| iso- | equal |
| pro- | before |
| peri- | around |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -ectomy | surgical excision, removal |
| -emia | condition of blood |
| -gram | a record or image |
| -ia | condition of |
| -iatry | treatment, specialty |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -logist | one who studies |
| -logy | study or science of |
| -pathy | disease |
| -philia | loving, affinity for |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -scope | instrument used for viewing |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| -meter | measure, measuring instrument |
| -drome | run or running |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -malacia | softening |
| -opsy | view of |
| -oxia | condition of oxygen |
| -phil | loving, affinity for |
| -phagia | eating or swallowing |
| -phasia | speaking |
| -physis | growth |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -oma | tumor |
| -stasis | standing still |
| -algia | condition of pain |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -atresia | a closure or absence of a normal body opening |
| -cele | hernia, swelling or protrusion |
| -dynia | condition of pain |
| -osis | condition of |
| -ism | condition or disease |
| -penia | deficiency or abnormal reduction in number |
| -phobia | fear |
| -plasia | formation, growth |
| -rrhagia | abnormal discharge |
| -rrhea | discharge |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | condition of hardening |
| -spasm | sudden involuntary muscle contraction |
| -ad | toward |
| -hemia | condition of blood |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| -practic | a practice |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -clasia, -clasis, -clast | break apart |
| -desis | surgical fixation or fusion |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -graphy | recording process |
| -pexy | surgical fixation, suspension |
| -phylaxis | protection |
| -stomy | surgical creation of an opening |
| -tome | a cutting instrument |
| -tom | an incision |
| -tripsy | surgical crushing |
| -ion | process |
| -a | singular |
| -rrhaphy | suturing |
| -y | process of |
| -genesis | origin, cause |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| -ist | one who specializes |
| -lysis | loosen, dissolve |
| -megaly | abnormally large |
| -genic | pertaining to, producing, forming |
| -crit | to separate |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -sis | state of |
| -ade | process |
| -lytic | pertaining to loosen, dissolve |
| -metry | measurement, process of measuring |
| append/o, appendic/o | appendix |
| bi/o | life |
| cardi/o | heart |
| cerebr/o | brain, cerebrum |
| dermat/o | skin |
| electr/o | electricity |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| hem/o | blood |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| laryng/o | larynx, voice box |
| leuk/o | white |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| ment/o | mind |
| nat/o | birth |
| neur/o | nerve |
| path/o | disease |
| proct/o | rectum, anus |
| psych/o | mind |
| rhin/o | nose |
| tonsill/o | almond, tonsil |
| vas/o | vessel |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| anter/o | front |
| brachi/o | arm |
| caud/o | tail |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/i | gristle, cartilage |
| cran/o, crani/o | skull |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dist/o | distant |
| dors/o | back |
| femor/o | femur, thigh |
| glute/o | buttock |
| hom/o, home/o | same |
| ili/o | flank, hip, groin |
| infer/o | below |
| inguin/o | groin |
| later/o | side |
| lumb/o | lower back, loin |
| medi/o | middle |
| organ/o | tool |
| pelv/o | bowl, basin |
| physi/o | nature |
| pleur/o | pleura, rib |
| poster/o | back |
| proxim/o | near |
| super/o | above |
| thorac/o | chest, thorax |
| tom/o | to cut |
| umbilic/o | navel, umbilicus |
| ventr/o | belly |
| aden/o | gland |
| aut/o | self |
| cutane/o | skin |
| cyan/o | blue |
| derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| follicul/o | little follicle |
| kerat/o | hard, cornea |
| onych/o | nail |
| seb/o | sebum, oil |
| actin/o | radiation |
| albin/o | white |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| cellul/o | little cell |
| chym/o | juice |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| pedicul/o | body louse |
| scler/o | hard |
| xer/o | dry |
| trich/o | hair |
| abras/o | to rub away |
| aut/o | self |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | purse or sac, bursa |
| carp/o | wrist |
| condyl/o | knuckle of a joint |
| cost/o | rib |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| ischi/o | haunch, hip joint, ischium |
| menisc/o | meniscus |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| myel/o | spinal cord, medulla, myelin, bone marrow |
| orth/o | straight |
| ost/o, oste/o | bone |
| pariet/o | wall |
| patell/o | patella |
| ped/o | child |
| petr/o | stone |
| phalang/o | phalanges |
| phys/o | growth |
| pub/o | pubis |
| radi/o | radius |
| sacr/o | sacred, sacrum |
| skelet/o | skeleton |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| kinesi/o | motion |
| tax/o | reaction to a stimulus |
| ten/o | stretch, tendon |
| troph/o | development |
| ankyl/o | crooked |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lord/o | bent forward |
| por/o | hole |
| sarc/o | flesh, meat |
| scoli/o | curved |
| synov/o, synovi/o | synovial |
| tendon/o | tendon, stretch |
| lamin/o | thin, lamin |
| syn/o | connect |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| blast/o | germ, bud, developing cell |
| erythr/o | red |
| immun/o | immunity, exempt |
| lymph/o | clear water or fluid |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thromb/o | clot |
| thym/o | wartlike, thymus gland |
| tox/o | poison |
| poikil/o | irregular |
| botul/o | sausage |
| globin/o | protein |
| hydr/o | water |
| iatr/o | physician |
| idi/o | individual |
| necr/o | death |
| noscom/o | hospital |
| nucle/o | nucleus, kernal |
| sept/o | putrefying, wall or partition |
| angi/o | blood vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| atri/o | atrium |
| coron/o | crown or circle, heart |
| pector/o, pect/o | chest |
| valvul/o | little valve |
| vascul/o | little vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| ventricul/o | little belly, ventricle |
| rhythm/o, rrhythym/o | rhythm |
| sten/o | narrow |
| ather/o | fatty plaque |
| tampon/o | plug |
| varic/o | dilated vein |
| tens/o | pressure |
| ech/o | sound |
| man/o | thin, scanty |
| phleb/o | vein |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| son/o | sound |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| alveol/o | air sac, alveolus |
| bronch/o, bronchi/i | airway, bronchus |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| lob/o | a rounded part, lobe |
| muc/o | mucus |
| nas/o | nose |
| ox/i | oxygen |
| Pharyng/o | throat, pharynx |
| Phragm/o, phragmat/o | partition |
| Pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung |
| sinus/o | cavity |
| trache/o | windpipe, trachea |
| -capnia | condition of carbon dioxide |
| -phonia | condition of sound or voice |
| -pnea | breath |
| -ptysis | to cough up |
| -staxis | dripping |
| atel/o | incomplete |
| coccidoid/o | coccidioides immitiscafungus |
| coni/o | dust |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac |
| embol/o | plug |
| glott/o | opening into the windpipe |
| py/o | pus |
| sphyx/o | pulse |
| tubercul/o | little swelling |
| -ectasis | expansion, dilation |
| dilat/o | to widen |
| ot/o | ear |
| spir/o | breathe |
| -oid | resembling |
| -scopy | process of viewing |
| -tomy | incision, to cut |
| an/o | anus |
| bil/i | bile |
| cec/o | blind intestine, cecum |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| col/o, colon/o | colon |
| dent/o | teeth |
| duoden/o | twelve, duodenum |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| esophag/e, esophag/o | gullet, esophagus |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| ile/o | to roll, ileum |
| jejun/o | empty, jejunum |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| or/o | mouth |
| pancreat/o | sweetbread, pancreas |
| peps/o, pept/o | digestion |
| peritone/o | to stretch over, peritoneum |
| pylor/o | pylorus |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sial/o | saliva |
| sigm/o | the letter s, sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| re- | back |
| flux/o | flow |
| halit/o | breath |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| steat/o | fat |
| cheil/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| cirrh/o | orange |
| diverticul/o | diverticulum |
| -iasis | condition of |
| lip/o | fat |
| lith/o | stone |
| orex/o | appetite |
| parot/o | parotid gland |
| polyp/o | small growth |
| volv/o | to roll |
| acid/o | a solution or substance with a pH less than 7 |
| fec/o | feces |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| vag/o | vagus nerve |
| -emetic | pertaining to vomiting |
| -spasmodic | pertaining to involuntary muscle contraction |
| albumin/o | albumin (a protein) |
| blast/o | germ, bud, developing cell |
| glomerul/o | little ball, glomerulus |
| gluc/o | sweet, sugar |
| glyc/o, glycos/o | sweet, sugar |
| meat/o | opening, passage |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ur/o, urin/o | urine |
| azot/o | urea, nitrogen |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | few in number |
| protein/o | protein |
| -uresis | urination |
| -uria | pertaining to urea, urination |
| en- | with in, upon, on, over |
| spadias/o | rip, tear |
| vesic/o | bladder |
| amni/o, amnion/o | amnion |
| andr/o | male |
| balan/o | glans penis |
| chori/o | membrane, chorion |
| cyes/o, cyesi/o | pregnancy |
| embry/o | embryo |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| episi/o | vulva |
| fet/o | fetus |
| gravid/o, gravidar/o | pregnancy |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| men/o, menstru/o | month, menstruation |
| orchi/o, orchid/o | testis |
| pen/o | penis |
| prostat/o | prostate gland |
| semin/o | seed, sperm |
| sperm/o, spermat/o | seed, sperm |
| test/o | testis, testicles |
| testicul/o | little testis, testicle |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| zo/o | animal, living |
| vesicul/o | small bag |
| colp/o | vagina |
| -salpinx | trumpet, fallopian tube |
| salping/o | trumpet, fallopian tube |
| ex- | outside, away from |
| lei/o | smooth |
| metr/i, metr/o | uterus |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| ovar/o | ovary |
| vagin/o | sheath, vagina |
| vulv/o | vulva |
| -atresia | closure or absence of a normal body opening |
| -s | plural |
| gyn/o, gynec/o | woman |
| lact/o | milk |
| pseud/o | false |
| toc/o | birth |
| -cyesis | pregnancy |
| plasm/o | form |
| abort/o | miscarry |
| dur/o | hard |
| obstetr/o | midwife |
| -ician | one who practices |
| cerebell/o | little brain, cerebellum |
| gangli/o | swelling, knot |
| mening/i, mening/o | membrane |
| phren/o | mind |
| radic/o, radicul/o | nerve root |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| phasi/o | to speak |
| -algesia | pain |
| hemi- | half |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| gli/o | glue |
| gnos/o | knowledge |
| narc/o | numbness |
| poli/o | gray |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -rrhage | abnormal discharge |
| -troph | development |
| -us | pertaining to |
| rhiz/o | nerve root |
| schiz/o | to divide, split |
| somat/o | body |
| -lexia | pertaining to a word or phrase |
| -mania | madness, frenzy |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjunctiv/o | to bind together, conjunctiva |
| dacry/o | tear |
| ir/o | iris |
| ocul/o | eye |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| opt/o | eye |
| retin/o | retina |
| asthen/o | weakness |
| cor/o | pupil |
| -opia | condition of vision |
| presby/o | old age |
| stigmat/o | point |
| -metrist | one who measures |
| -acusis | condition of hearing |
| extern/o | exterior |
| mastoid/o | resembling a breast |
| med/o | middle |
| audi/o | hearing |
| labyrinth/o | maze, inner ear |
| myring/o | membrane, eardrum |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| adren/o | adrenal gland |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| gonad/o | sex gland |
| hormon/o | to set in motion |
| thyr/o | shield, thyroid |
| thyroid/o | resembling a shield, thyroid |
| acr/o | extremitiy |
| dips/o | thirst |
| hirsut/o | hairy |
| calc/i, calc/o | calcium |
| myx/o | mucus |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing and apnea |
| paroxysm | a sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or a convulsion |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | a progressive disease that makes breathing very difficult and is primarily caused by smoking tobacco products |
| coryza | the common cold, caused by a virus that infects the upper respiratory tract, resulting in local inflammation |
| coccidioidomycosis | also called valley fever |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | also called croup |
| emphysema | a chronic lung disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia |
| Legionellosis | a form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia, also called Legionnaires' disease |
| Pertussis | an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing, also called whooping cough |
| asbestosis | pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers |
| silicosis | pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of fine silicone dust |
| edema | swelling |
| embolus | a blood clot that moves along with the bloodstream |
| embolism | an occlusion that blocks the flow of blood |
| pyothorax | also called empyema |
| respiratory distress syndrome | a severe respiratory disease characterized by rapid respiratory failure; neonatal for newborns and adult for adults |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome | a severe, rapid-onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage and atelectasis |
| upper respiratory infection | a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx) |
| acid-fast bacilli smear | a clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid |
| arterial blood gases | a clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| aspiration | the removal of fluid, air or foreign bodies with suction |
| auscultation | a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination, often with the aid of a stethoscope |
| chest x-ray | also called chest radiograph, an x-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors and other conditions of the lungs |
| continuous positive airway pressure | a device that is commonly used to regulate breathing during sleep as a treatment for sleep apnea |
| expectorant | a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus |
| incentive spirometry | valuable postoperative breathing therapy, uses a portable spirometer to promote deeper breathing to improve lung expansion after an operation |
| mechanical ventilation | a medical treatment to provide supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress, provides assisted breathing using a ventilator |
| nebulizer | a device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs with the aid of deep inhalation |
| TB skin test | a simple skin test to determine the presence of tuberculosis infection, also called PPD skin test and Mantoux skin test |
| ventilation-perfusion scanning | a diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine, or the use of radioactive material, to evaluate pulmonary function, also called lung scan or V/Q scan |
| ascites | an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen |
| flatus | the presence of gas, or air, in the GI tract, through the anus is flatulence |
| gastrodynia | also called gastralgia or abdominal pain |
| cleft palate | a congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth, or hard palate, fail to fuse during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral cavity and nasal cavity |
| cleft lip | opening in the upper lip |
| Crohn disease | a chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, most commonly the ileum of the small intestine, that involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall, also called regional ileitis or regional enteritis |
| hemorrhoids | a varicose, or swollen, condition of the veins in the anus producing painful swellings that may break open and bleed, commonly called piles |
| malignant hepatoma | also called hepatocellular carcinoma |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity |
| inguinal hernia | a protrusion of a small intestinal segment through the abdominal wall in the inguinal region |
| umbilical hernia | a small intestinal segment enters through a tear in the membrane covering the abdominal wall at the umbilical region |
| strangulated hernia | requires medical intervention to avoid loss of the affected organ |
| inflammatory bowel disease | a general term that includes the conditions ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease |
| intussusception | infolding of a segment of the small intestine within another segment |
| irritable bowel syndrome | a chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of large intestinal (bowel) function without clear physical damage |
| malabsorption syndrome | one form is celiac disease, also called gluten insensitivity enteropathy |
| polyp | any abnormal mass of tissue that projects inward from the wall of a hollow organ |
| volvulus | a severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction |
| bariatric surgery | surgery of the GI tract, procedure for treating obesity |
| cathartic | an agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon |
| laxative | agent that causes mild waves of peristalsis |
| gastric lavage | a cleansing procedure in which the stomach is irrigated with a prescribed solution |
| colonic irrigation | an irrigation procedure performed on the colon to remove unwanted substances, if unwanted material is a fecal blockage, enema is used instead |
| gavage | process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose that extends through the esophagus to enter the stomach |
| GI series | a common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract |
| upper GI | a barium swallow, shake, or meal is ingested to provide x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| barium enema | the administration of barium sulfate into the colon or rectum for a lower GI series of x-rays |
| stool culture and sensitivity | used to identify and kill pathogens suspected to cause disease that affects the GI tract |
| acute kidney injury | a rapid-onset disease of the kidneys resulting in a failure to produce urine, formerly called acute renal failure |
| end-stage kidney disease | failure of both kidneys to form urine from any cause, also called renal failure |
| urinary incontinence | inability to control urination |
| stress incontinence | an involuntary discharge of urine occuring during a cough, sneeze, or strained movement |
| nephroblastoma | also called Wilms' tumor |
| nephrolithiasis | also called renal calculi |
| nephroptosis | also called floating kidney |
| stricture or stenosis | a condition of abnormal narrowing |
| urinary retention | abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder |
| blood urea nitrogen | a clinical lab test that measures urea concentration in a sample of blood as an indicator of kidney function |
| creatinine | a protein that is a normal component or urine and is a by-product of muscle metabolism |
| fulguration | a surgical procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric current |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | ultrasonic energy from an instrument outside the body is directed onto stones that are otherwise too large to pass through the urethra, pulverizing the stones into tiny particles that can pass with urine flow |
| pyelogram | an x-ray image of the renal pelvis, often used to examine kidney-related disorders |
| retrograde pyelogram | injection of contrast medium into the ureter using a cystoscope |
| intravenous pyelogram | iodine is used as the contrast medium and injected into the bloodstream |
| renal transplant | the replacement of a dysfunctioning kidney with a donor kidney |
| specific gravity | measurement of the density of substances in a liquid compared to water |
| urinary catheter | inserted through the urethra to enter the urinary bladder and is often used to drain urine from a patient who is immobile |
| meatoscope | inserted into the urinary meatus |
| chancres | small ulcers on the skin or mucous membranes |
| papillomas | wartlike lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, commonly called genital warts |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | prostate gland enlarges to constrict the urethra passing through it, also called benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| Peyronie disease | a hardness, or induration, of the erectile tissue within the penis |
| phimosis | a congenital narrowing of the prepuce opening |
| paraphimosis | glans penis becomes strangulated |
| priapism | an abnormally persistent erection of the penis, often accompanied by pain and tenderness |
| prostate cancer | prostate gland is subject to a form of cancer also called prostatic carcinoma |
| testicular carcinoma | a cancer originating from the testis, most common form is seminoma, arises from sperm-forming cells and metastasizes to nearby lymph nodes |
| testicular torsion | the spermatic cord becomes twisted, causing a reduced blood flow to the testis |
| anti-impotence therapy | a collection of therapies that address erectile dysfunction |
| digital rectum examination | a physical exam that involves the insertion of a finger into the rectum to feel the size and shape of the prostate gland through the wall of the rectum |
| bilateral orchidectomy | also called castration |
| penile implant | the surgical insertion of a prosthesis, or artificial device, to correct erectile dysfunction |
| prostate-specific antigen | a clinical test that measures levels of the protein prostate-specific antigen in the blood |
| prostate-specific antigen | clinical test that measures levels of the protein prostate-specific antigen in the blood |
| transurethral resection of the prostate gland | a procedure that treats BPH through the noninvasive removal of prostate tissue |
| mittelschemerz | abdominal pain occurring during ovulation |
| breast cancer | malignant tumor arising from breast tissue, most common is infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
| carcinoma in situ | form of cervical cancer arises from cells of the cervix, which change in appearance before developing into a spreading malignancy, change in cells is dysplasia |
| cervical cancer | malignant tumor of the cervix, most common is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| endometrial cancer | a malignant tumor arising from the endometrial tissue lining the uterus |
| fistulas | abnormal passage from one organ or cavity to another |
| leiomyomas | also called fibroid tumors |
| ovarian cyst | a cyst, or fluid-filled sac, on an ovary that is usually benign and asymptomatic |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | inflammation involving some or all of the female organs within the pelvic cavity |
| premenstrual syndrome | collection of symptoms, including nervous tension, irritability, breast pain, edema and headache |
| hysteroptosis | also called prolapsed uterus |
| toxic shock syndrome | a severe bacterial infection characterized by a sudden high fever, skin rash, mental confusion, acute renal failure, and abnormal liver function |
| cervical conization | procedure to remove precancerous or cancerous tissue from the cervix, often performed with an electrical wire loop called LEEP, loop electrosurgical excision procedure, |
| dilation and curettage | common procedure that is used for both diagnostic and treatment purposes, D&C, cervix is dilated to permit the insertion of a spoon-shaped instrument a curette |
| endometrial ablation | lasers, electricity, or heat may be used to destroy the endometrium |
| hormone replacement therapy | therapy for hormonal management, effective for correcting disrupted menstrual and ovarian cycles |
| radical mastectomy | also called Halsted mastectomy, the entire affected breast is removed, along with muscles and lymph nodes of the chest |
| Pap smear | common diagnostic procedure that screens for precancerous cervical dysplasia cancer, Papanicolaou smear |
| vaginal speculum | an instrument used during a gynecological exam, used to open the vaginal orifice wide enough to permit visual examination of the vagina and cervix |
| hyperemesis gravidarum | symptom of severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy |
| abruptio placentae | premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
| breech presentation | abnormal childbirth in which the buttocks, feet, or knees appear through the birth canal first |
| congenital anomaly | an abnormality present at birth |
| pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia | high blood pressure worsens to cause convulsions and possible coma and death, comes from a condition that places a pregnant woman and her child at risk |
| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, such as fallopian tube lining or the peritoneum |
| neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | lung disorder of neonates, particularly premature infants, in which certain cells of the lungs fail to mature at birth to cause lung collapse that can result in suffocation, NRDS, also called respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn |
| placenta previa | condition in which the placenta is abnormally attached to the uterine wall in the lower portion of the uterus |
| abortifacient | drug that induces therapeutic abortion |
| cephalalgia | headache |
| convulsion | a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons that triggers muscle contraction, also called seizure |
| neurasthenia | also called chronic fatigue and dysphoria |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden reduction of blood flow to the brain |
| Bell palsy | paralysis of the face muscles on one side due to damage to the seventh cranial nerve, a palsy is a condition of muscular paralysis |
| cerebral palsy | partial muscle paralysis that appears at birth or shortly afterwards |
| cerebrovascular accident | a stroke |
| traumatic brain injury | involves bleeding that can result in functional losses and death |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord, often resulting in paralysis, commonly called polio |
| analgesic | pain management |
| anticonvulsants | control convulsions occurring in diseases such as epilepsy |
| antipyretics | effective against fever |
| evoked potential studies | group of diagnostic tests that measures changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brain function |
| lumbar puncture | withdrawl (aspiration) of CSF from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the vertebral column below the spinal cord, also called a spinal tap |
| reflex testing | a series of diagnostic tests performed to observe the body’s response to touch stimuli |
| deep tendon reflexes | involving percussion at the patellar tendon and elsewhere and Babinski involving stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot |
| tissue plasminogen activator | as a treatment for stroke, a powerful chemical that dissolves blood clots in vessels supplying the brain |
| amblyopia | “lazy eye,” common cause of vision loss in children |
| strabismus | one or both eyes are crossed |
| detached retina | common cause of blindness, occurs when the retina tears away from the choroid layer of the eye |
| glaucoma | loss of vision occurs when the fluid pressure within the anterior chamber of the eyeball (intraocular pressure) rises above normal and spreads to the posterior chamber, thereby pushing against the delicate retina and optic nerve |
| hordeolum | infection of the meibomian gland, a small gland in the eyelid that secretes lubricating fluid onto the conjunctiva, hordeolum is also called a sty, chronic form is chalazion |
| macular degeneration | loss of visual focus by the progressive deterioration of the macula lutea, a small area of the retina that contains a high density of photoreceptors, known as cone cells |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| presbyopia | reduction in vision due to age |
| cataract extraction | a lens damaged by a cataract is surgically removed and replaced with an artificial lens, intraocular lens (IOL), most common technique is phacoemulsification, or phaco |
| corneal grafting | treatment of corneal damage, injured cornea is removed and replaced by implantation of a donor or synthetic cornea |
| cryopexy | treatment of a detached retina, tiny holes are created through the retina by laser treatment, which welds the retina back in place |
| scleral buckling | treatment of a detached retina, a tiny synthetic band is attached to the white outside layer of the eyeball (sclera) in an effort to push the wall of the eye against the detached retina |
| radial keratotomy | a form of refractive surgery, during which spokelike incisions are made into the cornea, it corrects the refractive error of myopia |
| tinnitus | ringing or buzzing sensation in the ears |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| cholesteatoma | relatively common source of partial hearing loss (paracusis) and ear drainage (otorrhea), the formation of a cyst-like ball of epithelial cells in the middle ear, can enlarge to cause a complete loss of hearing (anacusis) |
| Ménière disease | chronic disease of the inner ear that includes symtpoms of vertigo, or dizziness, and tinnitus, or ringing in the ears |
| cochlear implant | a small electronic device that helps to provide a sensation of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or very hard of hearing |
| goiter | an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or an infection |
| hirsutism | excessive body hair in a masculine pattern |
| adrenal virilism | excessive production of androgens in women, leads to muscle and bone growth |
| ketosis | an excessive amount of ketone bodies, a waste substance produced when cells are unable to metabolize carbohydrates, in the blood and urine |
| adrenalitis | also called adrenal insufficiency |
| congenital hypothyroidism | the thyroid’s inability to produce normal levels of growth hormone at birth, formerly known as cretinism |
| Cushing syndrome | a disease involving multiple organs, caused by excessive secretion of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal cortex and affecting many organs |
| Diabetes insipidus | hyposecretion of ADH by the pituitary gland, characterized by symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria |
| diabetes mellitus | resistance of body cells to insulin, or a deficiency or a complete lack of insulin production by cells of the pancreas |
| Hypoadrenalism | chronic form is Addison disease |
| hypocalcemia | also called calcipenia |
| hyperthyroidism | chronic form is Graves disease |
| Hashimoto's disease | the thyroid gland comes under attack by the body’s own immune response |
| myxedema | chronic form of hypothyroidism, the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin becomes thick and hard, and the body retains water; aging the skin prematurely while puffing the face and thickening the tongue and hands |
| pituitary dwarfism | the pituitary growth hormone is deficient at birth, resulting in short stature |
| pituitary gigantism | an abnormally high production of pituitary growth hormone before adulthood |
| fasting blood sugar | blood sugar levels are measured after a 12-hour fast |
| postprandial blood sugar | blood sugar levels are measured about 2 hours after a meal |
| glucose tolerance test | a test that may be used to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus examines a patient’s tolerance of glucose |
| hormone replacement therapy | a common therapy to counteract hyposecretion |
| radioactive iodine uptake | radioactive iodine is used to track and measure its entry into thyroid gland cells with a scanning instrument |
| radioiodine therapy | the radioactive iodine targets cells within the thyroid gland and destroys them |
| thyroid scan | a procedure measuring thyroid function, an image of the thyroid gland is obtained, usually used to detect a thyroid tumor, called thyroidoma |
| thyroxine test | thyroxine is one of the several hormones produced by the thyroid gland, a diagnostic test measuring thyroxine levels in the blood, often used as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism |
| abscess | localized skin swelling that is a sign of inflammation |
| cicatrix | clinical term for scar |
| abrasion | scraping injury to the skin |
| nevus | a pigmented spot on the skin, a mole |
| pruritus | itchy skin |
| ulcer | an erosion through the skin or mucous membrane |
| cyst | a closed sac or pouch filled with liquid or semisolid material |
| erythema | redness of the skin |
| furuncle | abscess associated with a hair follicle |
| pustule | elevated area of the skin filled with pus |
| verruca | a wart |
| wheal | temporary, itchy elevation of the skin |
| comedo | pimple |
| vesicle | a small elevation of the epidermis that is filled with fluid |
| urticaria | small fluid-filled skin elevations caused by an allergic reaction |
| pallor | abnormally pale skin color |
| papule | any small, solid elevation on the skin |
| keloid | an overgrowth of scar tissue |
| macule | a discolored flat spot on the skin, such as a freckle |
| tinea | fungal infection of the skin |
| alopecia | baldness |
| impetigo | contagious bacterial skin infection with a yellowish crust |
| emollient | chemical agent that softens or smooths the skin |
| debridement | wound-cleaning procedure |
| autograft | surgery that uses a patient's own skin as a graft |
Created by:
Coloneman
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