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PharmFinalExam
Pharm Final - Drug Side Effects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adverse effects of Beta-blockers | Impotence, asthma, cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, CHF, AV block) and CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations) |
| Adverse effects of Captopril/Enalapril/Fosinopril | Hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash and increased renin |
| Adverse effects of Clonidine | Dry mouth, sedation and severe rebound hypertension |
| Adverse effects of Diazoxide | Hyperglycemia (reduces insulin release, hypotension) |
| Adverse effects of Guanethidine | Orthostatic and exercise hypotension, dizziness and headache |
| Adverse effects of Hydrazaline | Nausea, headache, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina and salt retention |
| Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide | Hypokalemia, mild hyperlipidemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia and hyperglycemia |
| Adverse effects of Loop diuretics | Potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension and ototoxicity |
| Adverse effects of Losartan | Fetal renal toxicity and hyperkalemia |
| Adverse effects of Methyldopa | Sedation and positive Coombs' test |
| Adverse effects of Minoxidil | Hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina and salt retention |
| Adverse effects of Nefedine and verapamil | Dizziness, flushinig, constipation (Verapamil), nausea and edema |
| Adverse effects of Nitroprusside | Cyanide toxicity (releases CN) |
| Adverse effects of Prazosin | 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness and headache |
| Adverse effects of Reserpine | Sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness and diarrhea |
| Antibiotics that are toxic in pregos | Sulfonamides (kernicterus), aminoglycosides (ototoxicity), fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, metronidazole, tetracyclines (discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth), ribavirin, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol (gray baby) and clarithromycin |
| Factors that increase digoxin toxicity | Renal failure (decreased excretion), hypokalemia (digoxin competes with K+ at its binding site in Na+/K+ ATPase) and quinidine (decreased digoxin clearance). |
| P450 Inducers | Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John's wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin and Carbamazepine |
| P450 inhibitors | Sulfonamides, isoniazid, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice |
| SE: Acute cholestatic hepatitis (1) | Macrolides |
| SE: Agranulocytosis (5) | Clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole |
| SE: Angioedema (1) | ACE inhibitors (Captopril) |
| SE: Aplastic anemia (8) | Chloramphenicol ("like pouring chlorine down your femur"), benzene, NSAIDs, propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole and alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, carmustine and cisplatin) |
| SE: Asthma (1) | Aspirin and other salicyclates |
| SE: Atropine-like (1) | Tricyclics |
| SE: Cholestasis (3) | Oral contraceptives, estrogen and anabolic steroids |
| SE: Cinchonism (2) | Quinidine and quinine |
| SE: Coronary vasospasm (2) | Cocaine and sumatriptan |
| SE: Cough (1) | ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Lisinopril) - Note: ARBs like Losartan do not have a cough side effect |
| SE: Cutaneous flushing (4) | Niacin, calcium channel blockers, adenosine and vancomycin |
| SE: Diabetes insipidus (2) | Lithium and demeclocycline |
| SE: Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy (3) | Doxorubicin, daunorubicin and cocaine |
| SE: Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia (1) | Methyldopa |
| SE: Disulfiram-like reaction (4) | Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine and 1st-generation sulfonylureas |
| SE: Fanconi's syndromes | Expired tetracycline |
| SE: Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4) | Halothane, valproic acid, acetaminophen (most common), Amanita phalloides, salicylates and iron |
| SE: Gingival hyperplasia (1) | Phenytoin |
| SE: Gout (2) | Furosemide and thiazides |
| SE: Gray baby syndrome (1) | Chloramphenicol |
| SE: Gynecomastia | Spirinolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, chronic Alcohol use, estrogens, Ketoconazole (Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers) |
| SE: Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (6) | Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin (hemolysis IS PAIN) |
| SE: Hemolytic anemia (3) | Penicillin, methyldopa and quinidine |
| SE: Hemorrhagic cystitis (2) | Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (prevent by coadministrating with mesna) |
| SE: Hemorrhagic gastritis (2) | Iron and salicylates (Aspirin) |
| SE: Hepatic adenoma (1) | Oral contraceptives |
| SE: Hepatic fatty changes (3) | Amiodarone, tetracycline and methotrexate |
| SE: Hepatitis (1) | Isoniazid (INH) |
| SE: Hot flashes (2) | Tamoxifen and clomiphen |
| SE: Interstitial nephritis (3) | Methicillin, NSAIDs and furosemide |
| SE: Maculopapular rash (1) | Penicillin |
| SE: Megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia (5) | Phenytoin, Methotrexate (most common) and Sulfa drugs (having a BLAST with PMS) - also with oral contraceptives and 5-fluorouracil |
| SE: Nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity | Polymyxins |
| SE: Nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity | Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin), vancomycin, loop diuretics and cisplatin |
| SE: Osteoporosis (2) | Corticosteroids and heparin |
| SE: Parkinson-like syndrome (4) | Haloperidol, chlorpromazine, reserpine and metoclopramide |
| Se: Photosensitivity (3) | Sulfonamides, Amiodarone and Tetracycline (most common) (SAT for a photo) |
| SE: Platelet dysfunction (2) | Aspirin and other NSAIDs |
| SE: Pseudomembranous colitis (2) | Clindamycin and ampicillin |
| SE: Pulmonary (interstitial) fibrosis (4) | Bleomycin (most likely to cause), bulsulfan, amiodarone, methotrexate and nitrofurantoin |
| SE: Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) (8) | Ethosuximide, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sulfa drugs, penicillin and allopurinol |
| SE: Seizures (3) | Bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin and isoniazid |
| SE: SLE-like syndrome (4) | Hydrazaline, INH, Procainamide and Phenytoin (it's not HIPP to have lupus) |
| SE: Tardive dyskinesia | Antipsychotics |
| SE: Tendonitis, tendon rupture and cartilage damage (kids) | Fluoroquinolones (hurts attachments to your bones) |
| SE: Thrombocytopenia | Heparin (most common) and quinidine |
| SE: Thrombotic complications (2) | OCPs (estrogens and progestins) |
| SE: Tinnitus and vertigo (1) | Salicylates |
| SE: Torsades de pointes (3) | Sotalol (class 3) and quinidine (class 1) antiarrhythmics and cispride |
| SE: Urticaria (1) | Penicillin |
| SE:Adrenocortial insufficiency (1) | Glucocorticoid (Prednisone) withdrawal (HPA suppression) |
| SEs of 5-fluoruracil | Myelosupression, which is NOT reversible with leucovorin, and photosensitivity |
| SEs of Azathioprine | Bone marrow suppression. Active metabolite mercaptopurine is metabolized by xanthine oxidase; thus, toxic effects may be increased by allopurinol. |
| SEs of Bleomycin | Pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, but minimal myelosupression |
| SEs of Carmustine | CNS toxicity (dizziness, ataxia) |
| SEs of Cisplatin and Carboplatin | Nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage |
| SEs of Clomiphene | Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies and visual disturbances |
| SEs of Cyclophosphamide | Myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis (can be partially prevented with Mesna) |
| SEs of Cyclosporine | Nephrotoxic preventable with mannitol |
| SEs of Cytarabine | Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and megaloblastic anemia |
| SEs of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin | Cardiotoxicity, myelosupression and marked alopecia |
| SEs of Estrogens | Increased risk of endometrial cancer, bleeding in postmenopausal and increased risk of thrombi |
| SEs of Imatinib | Fluid retention |
| SEs of Imipenem | GI distress, skin rash and CNS toxicity (seizure) at high plasma levels |
| SEs of Leuprolide | Antiandrogen, nausea and vomiting |
| SEs of Macrolides | GI discomfort (most common cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia and skin rashes |
| SEs of Methotrexate | Myelosuppression (reversible with leucovorin rescue), macrovesicular fatty change in the liver and mucositis |
| SEs of Mifepristone | Heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) and abdominal pain |
| SEs of OKT3 | Cytokine release syndrome and hypersensitivity reaction |
| SEs of Paclitaxel | Myelosuppression and hypersensitivity |
| SEs of Prednisone | Cushing-like symptoms; immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia and psychosis |
| SEs of Sildenafil | Headache, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision; risk of life-threatening hypotension in patients taking NITRATES |
| SEs of Sirolimus | Hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia |
| SEs of Tacrolimus | Nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, pleural effusion and hyperglycemia |
| SEs of Tamoxifen | May increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma via partial agonist effects; "hot flashes" |
| SEs of Trastuzumab | Cardiotoxicity |
| SEs of Trimethoprim (TMP) | Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia and granulocytopenia |
| SEs of Vincristine | Neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuritis), paralytic ileus |
| Sulfa drugs | Celecoxib, furosemide, probenecid, thiazides, TMP-SMX, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas and sumatriptan |
| Symptoms of sulfa drug allergies | Fever, pruritic rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and urticaria (hives) |
Created by:
megankirch
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