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Weimar Republic 1919
History GCSE/Ormerod/ early challenges to the Weimar Republic 1919-23 #2
| Threat | Who?Why?What?Why did it fail? |
|---|---|
| The Spartacist Rising 1919 - Who? | Communist group set up by Rosa Luxemburg & Karl Liebknecht. |
| The Spartacist Rising 1919 - Why? | They did not trust the new government. They wanted a revolution. They thought that the lives of working people would be improved. |
| The Spartacist Rising 1919 - What? | Tried to turn protests throughout Germany into a revolution. Took over government's newspaper & telegraph headquarters. Army ordered to stop uprising. |
| The Spartacist Rising 1919 - Why did it fail? | Badly planned. No support. Rosa Luxemburg captured and shot. Karl Liebknecht murdered. Spartacists struggled without main leaders. |
| The Red Rising in the Ruhr 1920 - Who? | Group of workers led by the Communist Party. |
| The Red Rising in the Ruhr 1920 - Why? | Workers angry about bad pay and bad conditions. |
| The Red Rising in the Ruhr 1920 - What? | 50,000 workers occupied the Ruhr industrial region of Germany and took control of its raw materials. German army crushed the uprising - over 1000 workers killed. |
| The Red Rising in the Ruhr 1920 - Why did it fail? | Weak leadership. No clear plans. Not enough support. |
| The Kapp Putsch 1920 - Who? | Freikorps units, led by Wolfgang Kapp. |
| The Kapp Putsch 1920 - Why? | The Government ordered that the Freikorps be disbanded as they were no longer needed. |
| The Kapp Putsch 1920 - What? | 12,000 Freikorps marched to Berlin. Government forced to flee. Freikorps put forward Kapp as a new leader of Germany. |
| The Kapp Putsch 1920 - Why did it fail? | Failed to win support. Workers in Berlin went on strike to protest against the Putsch. Kapp forced to flee Berlin so impossible for him to rule. |
| The Munich Putsch 1923 - Who? | The Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler. |
| The Munich Putsch 1923 - Why? | The Nazi Party and Hitler believed that democracy led to a weak government. They thought that there should be one political party with one leader. |
| The Munich Putsch 1923 - What? | The Nazis planned to take over government and set up General Ludendorff as the leader of Germany. Kahr (leader of Bavaria) was speaking at a beer hall in Munich. Hitler & 600 SA burst in and forced Kahr to support their plan. |
| The Munich Putsch 1923 - Why did it fail? | Kahr allowed to leave the beer nhall - he withdrew his support next day. German government responded quickly to crush revolt. Leaders of the Putsch arrested & 14 Nazis killed. Hitler sent to prison. |