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Anthropology Test 1

Terms

TermDefinition
Cultural Relativism The notion that cultures should be analyzed with reference to their own histories and values, in terms of the cultural whole, rather than according to the values of another culture.
Culture Shock Feelings of alienation and helplessness that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture
Emic Perspective Examining a society using concepts and distinctions that are meaningful to members of that culture
Ethnocentrism Judging other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture. The notion that one's own culture is more beautiful, rational, and nearer perfection than others.
Ethnography The major research tool of cultural anthropology; includes both fieldwork among people in society and the written results of fieldwork.
Ethnology The attempt to find general principles or laws that govern cultural phenomena.
Etic Perspective Examining societies using concepts, categories and rules derived from science; an outsider's perspective that produces analyses that member of the society being studied may not find meaningful.
Fieldwork The firsthand, systematic exploration of a society. It involves living with a group of people and participating in and observing their behavior.
Informant A person from whom an anthropologist gathers data.
Informed Consent The requirement that participants in anthropological studies should understand the ways in which their participation and the release of the research data are likely to affect them.
Institutional Review Board (IRB) A committee organized by a university or other research institution that approves, monitors, and reviews all research that involves human subjects.
Native Anthropologist An anthropologist who does fieldwork in his or her own culture
Participant Observation The fieldwork technique that involves gathering cultural data by observing people's behavior and participating in their lives.
Applied Anthropology The application of anthropology to the solution of human problems
Archaeology The sub disciplines of anthropology that focuses on the reconstruction of past cultures based on their material remains.
Which Anthropologist came up with "Survival of the Fittest" Spencer.
Artifact Any object made or modified by human beings. Generally used to refer to objects made by past cultures.
Biological (physical) Anthropology The sub discipline of anthropology that studies people from a biological perspective, focusing primarily on aspects of humankind that are generally inherited. It includes osteology, nutrition, demography, epidemiology and primatology.
Bio-psychological Equality The notion that all human groups have the same biological and mental capabilities.
Cultural Anthropology The comparative study of human societies and cultures. Cultural Anthropologists examine human thought, meaning, and behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted and that is typical of groups of people.
Cultural Relativism The notion that cultures should be analyzed with references their own histories and values, in terms of the culture whole, rather than according to the values of another culture.
Culture The learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups. The primary means by which humans adapt to their environments. The way of life characteristic of a particular human society.
Emic (Ethnography) A study that attempts to capture what ideas and practices mean to members of a culture.
Etic (Ethnography) A study that describes and analyzes culture according to principles and theories drawn largely from Western Scientific traditions.
Holism/Holistic Addresses how anthropology encompasses a whole broad spectrum of data.
Mitochondrial DNA The DNA outside of the cells nucleus that mutates and an incredibly slow rate. Scientist took the DNA from women and were able to trace back ancestors from South Africa.
Historical Linguistics The study of the relationships among languages to better understands the histories and migrations of those who speak them
Neolithic Revolution Human beings had become engaged in Agriculture/Farming which allowed for humans to stay in one place, build towns, and improve trade.
Beringia The land bridge that people crossed more than 18,000 years ago.
Human Variation The sub disciplines of biological anthropology concerned with mapping and explaining physical differences among modern human groups.
Iceman Radiocarbon Dating, pollen analysis, and had stone weapons.
Indigenous Peoples Members of societies that have occupied a region for a long time and are recognized by other groups at its original (or very ancient) inhabitants.
Linguistic Anthropology The sub discipline of anthropology concerned with the understanding of language and its relation to culture.
Paleoanthropology The study in which anthropologists are concerned with tracing the evolution of humankind in the fossil record.
Prehistoric Societies for which we have no usable written records.
Primate A member of biological order of mammals that includes human beings, apes and monkeys as well as promising (lemurs, tarsiers, and others).
Racism The belief that some human populations are superior to others because of inherited, genetically transmitted characteristics.
Society A group of people who depend on one another for survival or well-being as well as the relationships among such people, including their status and roles.
Diffusion The spread of cultural elements from one culture to another through cultural contact.
Enculturation The process of learning to be a member of a particular group.
Created by: 203802248
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