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Renaissance
Late Middle Ages / Renaissance
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance core features | Classical knowledge, humanism, individualism, secularism |
| Classical Knowledge | Antiquity - focused on Greeks / Romans |
| Humanism | Be the best version of yourself to help world |
| Individualism | People and their achievements are important |
| Secularism | Worldly - enjoy life "here and now" - not as religious as in Middle Ages |
| Emperor Augustus | In charge of entire Roman Empire (27-476 CE) |
| Emperor Diocletian | Divided Roman Empire into East and West (284 CE) |
| Edict of Milan | Christianity accepted (313 CE) |
| Emperor Constantine | Battled to become Roman Ruler, moved eastern capital Byzantium to Constantinople (330 CE) |
| Emperor Theodosius I | Makes Christianity official religion (380 CE) |
| Christianity appeals | Heaven for everyone, social welfare, peace |
| Christianity issues | Corrupt (10% of income - Tithe (tax)), secular (separated from God aka Protestants), internal struggles |
| 1054 Great Schism | Split between Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox |
| Charlemagne (Father of Europe) | Greatest Germanic King - united Rome into Holy Roman Empire. King of Franks, 1st HR Emperor (771-814) |
| Holy Roman Empire (Germany) | Loose confederation of independent states. Goal - promote Christianity (Not controlled by church, not Roman) - weak because of diversity and elected leaders |
| Habsburgs of Austria | Even when HRE not supposed to be hereditary, this family still repeatedly elected |
| Manor | Economic system - relationship between king and serfs (peasants) |
| Feudalism | Economic system - relationship between kings, clergy, soldiers, and serfs |
| Hundred Year's War | War between Great Britain and France - drains resources and human lives |
| Black Plague | Large pandemic in Europe (20-25M deaths, 1/3 of pop) |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Improves printing press - less expensive - more students bring it to the north as education improves |
| Italian Renaissance | Pagan (polytheistic), self-centered (improve self to improve society) |
| Northern Renaissance | Religious (monotheistic), reformist (improve society to improve self) |
| Sir Thomas More | Author of Utopia - book explaining how to reform society |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Author of Praise of Folly - people should follow simple Christian values (interpret Jesus's life how you want) |
| 3 Elements of State | Legitimacy (right to exist, has authority), Sovereignty (all states are equal and have equal power toward one another), Territory (has bounded land) |
| Leader of a State | State independent of leader, leader is state's servant |
| The Prince by Machiavelli | Book arguing for more power towards the king in order for the state to have more power |
| Charles VII (Louis XI's father) | French King - takes power away from clergy and created a royal army |
| Louis XI (Spider King) | French King - Weakens nobility's power, improves middle-class relations by taxing nobility and poor, creates modern-day French borders |
| Henry VII (Tudor) | English King - takes power away from clergy, improves middle-class relations, does not involve himself with foreign issues |
| Magna Carta (Great Charter) | Treaty saying English King has to obey same laws as everyone else |
| War of the Roses | Long civil war about dynasty - who's next in line |
| Mongol Yoke | Time period after Principality of Kiev (controlled by Orthodox Church) where Mongols ruled Russia |
| Third Rome | Nickname for Moscow after Mongols were driven out - its leaders had more power than those in the rest of Europe |
| Renaissance art | Focused on artist's skill, experimentation, and creativity. Artists had a lot of wealth - considered powerful and had "divine spark" |
| Renaissance families | Men married old, women married young (to have kids). Common for widows to remarry if capable of giving birth. Households consisted of up to 20 people. |
| Charter of Lorries | Granted by Louis VII - city with important liberties (no tax for food, no military, no forced work, can stay there if no exile for a year, no duty paid on his own things) |
| Jacquerie rebellion | France 1358 - peasants raped, looted, burned |
| Lolland rebellion | John Ball (leader) and many low/middle class rebelled since urban workers received low pay and not able to compete with other shops |
| Guilds | Medieval organizations that controlled productivity, restricted # of journeymen who became masters, ensured economic security |
| France | Fast 100 Years War recovery, strengthens king's power |
| England | Slow 100 Years War recovery, loses royal power but improves it by winning War of Roses |
| Russia | Leaders (after Mongol Yoke) had more power than the rest of the European countries |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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