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Unit 1 Vocab
AP Human Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Landscape (Physical Attributes) | Physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities |
| Possibilism | How humans adjust to the challenges posed by the physical environment |
| Region | Area of Earth distinguished by distinctive combinations of cultural and physical features |
| Formal / Uniform Region | An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics |
| Functional / Nodal Region | Region defined by particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it |
| Perceptual / Vernacular Region | Region that only exists as an idea or identity; not physical object |
| Map Scale | Shows how much the true size of an area has been narrowed down to fit on a flat surface |
| Spacial Interaction | Depends on distance between places and movement or flows involving human interaction |
| Distortion | Abnormal or unrealistic representation of Earth's features and characteristics on a map |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | Computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data; uses geocoding to calculate relationships between objects on a map's surface |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | System that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth using several satellites in orbit |
| Grid System | Systems of intersecting lines and spaces that help you pinpoint locations on maps |
| Latitude / Parallel | Imaginary lines around the Earth that is parallel to the equator |
| Longitude / Meridian | Imaginary lines around the Earth that are parallel to the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line |
| Prime Meridian | Line at 0 degrees longitude which passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England |
| International Date Line | Imaginary line at 180 degrees longitude that runs from the north to the south pole and demarcates backward calendar day from the next |
| Equator | Imaginary line at 0 degrees latitude dividing the earth into the northern and southern hemisphere |
| Map | Flat model of Earth's surface (or parts of it) that shows more detail and is more mobile than a globe |
| Thematic Map | A type of map that displays one or more variables within a specific area |
| Cartogram Map | The size of a location is based on a particular defined characteristic |
| Dot Map | Represent quantities or occurrences; are placed on the map in the approximate location of the occurrence |
| Chloropleth Map | A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area. |
| Isoline Map | A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value |
| Mental Map | A map which represents the perceptions and knowledge a person has of an area |
| Model | A representation designed to show the structure of an object, system, or concept |
| Map Projection | A way of representing a round 3D earth on a flat surface |
| Remote Sensing | A geographic technique that monitors the Earth's surface using modern techonology |
| Time Zones | New time zone for every 15 degrees west; 24 time zones ; allows time to follow with rotation of earth |
| Built Landscapes | Area of land that shows the effects of features and patterns of human occupation |
| Sequent Occupance | Shows how humans interact with the environment impacting it culturally |
| Cultural Attributes / Cultural Landscape | Cultural features (language, religion, food, climate) |
| Arithmetic Density | Total number of people in an area |
| Physiological Density | Number of people per area unit suitable for agriculture |
| Cultural Diffusion | Adoption of cultural elements from a place of origin to a wider area |
| Cultural Hearth | A major culture's place of origin |
| Relocation Diffusion | Spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another |
| Expansion Diffusion | Spread of a trend among people from one area to another |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | Spread of an idea from people of authority to other people of power |
| Contagious Diffusion | Rapid, widespread movement of a characteristic throughout population spread without relocation |
| Stimulus Diffusion | Spread of a unrevealed principle even though the characteristic fails to diffuse |
| Absolute Direction | Cardinal direction (north, south, east, west) |
| Relative Direction | Directions based on people's perception of places (left, right, up, down) |
| Dispersion | Spread of a phenomenon over an area that shows how far things are spread out |
| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area |
| Agglomerated | Closer together, clustered, or focused towards a centerpoint |
| Absolute Distance | Distance that can be measured with a standard unit length (mile or kilometer) |
| Relative Distance | Measure of distance including costs of overcoming friction of absolute distance separating 2 places |
| Distribution | Arrangement of phenomenon across Earth's surface |
| Environmental Determinism | Approach made by Humboldt and Ritter (19th century geographers) who concentrated on how physical environment caused social development |
| Location | Where is it? The position that something occupies on Earth |
| Absolute Location | Uses coordinates from latitude and longitude or addresses |
| Relative Location | Location in reference to other known locations |
| Site | A physical character of place |
| Situation | Location of a place relative to other places |
| Toponym | Place name |
| Pattern | Geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area |
| Linear Pattern | Straight pattern or a pattern along straight lines |
| Centralized Pattern | Clustered or concentrated at a certain place |
| Random Pattern | Pattern without a specific order of logic behind arrangement |
Created by:
mjys02
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