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Urinary System
LOM Chapter 7 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abscess | collection of pus |
| acetone | ketone body produced in abnormal ammounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when there is excessive fat breakdown in cells |
| albuminuria | protein in the urin |
| antidiurectic hormone | pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urine, preventing excess loss of water; also called vasopressin |
| anuria | suppression of urine formation by the kidney |
| arteriole | small artery |
| azotemia | excess of nitrogenous waate products in the blood; uremia |
| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine |
| bowman capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney |
| caliceal | pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber) in the central portion of the kidney |
| caliectasis | dilation or widening of a calyx; this occures when urine is backed up in the kidney as in hydronephrosis |
| calyx; calyces | cut-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney) |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney |
| cortical | pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ) |
| creatinine | nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine |
| creatinine clearance test | measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney |
| cystectomy | excision (removal) of the urinary bladder |
| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| cystoscopy | visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder |
| cystostomy | new opeing of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| diabetes insipidus | abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland; patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and plydipsia (excessive thirst) |
| diabetes mellitus | abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas; this leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine) |
| diuresis | increased excretion of urine by the kidneys; a diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee or water |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces |
| electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) |
| enuresis | bedwetting; literally, "in urine." |
| erythropoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production by bone marrow |
| essential hypertension | high blood pressure due to no apparent cause |
| filtration | process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other type of material |
| glomerular | pertaining to a glomerulus |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney |
| glomerulus; glomeruli | tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the cortex of the kidney; as blood flows through each glomerulus, waste materials and other substances are filtered from the bloodstream |
| glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| hemodialysis | removal of waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning; blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes b4 sending the blood back into the body thru a vein |
| hilum | depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung; it is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ |
| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of excess backup of fluid (urine) in the kidney that lies between (interstitium) the nephron (functional units) |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of the tissue in the kidney |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine; common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, but can occur in any time the body begins to break down fatter tissue to provide energy as in starvation |
Created by:
murielsclark
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