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World Civ Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| citizenship | The status of having the rights and responsibilities of a citizen. |
| Classical Era | A period of history that highlights enduring traditions that have lasted into modern times and persist in the 21st century. |
| Absolute Monarcy | A government in which the king or queen has total power, with no limits imposed by leaders or branches of the government. |
| Achaemenid Dynasty | A dynasty that ruled the Persian Empire from its founding in the sixth century BCE through the empire's defeat by Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE. |
| Byzantine Empire | A civilization that split off from ancient Rome and stretched around the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Christianity | A religion founded in the Middle East between 0 and 100 CE. The primary belief of Christians is that their main spiritual teacher, Jesus Christ, is the son of God and savior of humanity. |
| Citizen | An official member of a nation, whether by birth or by naturalization. |
| Code of Justinian | A collection of laws ordered from 529 to 534 CE by the emperor of the Eastern Roman |
| democracy | A form of government in which political power can be exercised equally by all citizens, usually through voting on laws, policies, or leaders. It was first developed in the ancient Greek city- state of Athens. |
| direct democracy | A form of government in which people have a direct vote on legislation. Unlike citizens in a representative democracy, those in a direct democracy do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf. |
| Eastern Roman Empire | A part of the Roman Empire that was split into its own territory and lasted almost 1,000 years longer than the Western Roman Empire. It is also known as the Byzantine Empire. |
| Golden Age | A period of time marked by great peace, prosperity, and happiness |
| Greco Persian Wars | The conflicts between the Persian Empire and the citystates of Greece. The wars saw the defeat of the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire and the rise of Athens as a power in Greece. |
| Greco Roman Tradition | The system of laws and courts of classical Greece and Rome that forms the foundation of modern Western legal practice. |
| Greek Civilization | A civilization made up of city states, located in the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia. Its achievements in art, architecture, philosophy, literature, and drama continue to influence modern civilization today. |
| Hellenistic Era | The period of time after Alexander the Great's death when Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout the former Greek Empire, which stretched from the Mediterranean to northern India. |
| Magistrates | Officials elected to office in the Roman Republic to represent the interests of citizens. |
| Oligarchy | A government in which ruling power belongs to only a few people. |
| Patrician | A member of a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. |
| Pax Romana | A period of about 207 years in which the Roman Empire experienced relative peace and minimal military expansion. Pax Romana is Latin for "Roman peace." |
| Peloponnesian War | A period of about 207 years in which the Roman Empire experienced relative peace and minimal military expansion. Pax Romana is Latin for "Roman peace." |
| Persian Empire | A war between the ancient Greek city states of Athens and Sparta. The war ended in the collapse of Athenian domination over Greece. |
| Plebian | A member of the common people of ancient Rome. |
| Representative Government | A type of government in which citizens elect people to represent them and run the government. |
| Republic | A system of government in which people elect representatives to make decisions. It is also known today as representative democracy or indirect democracy. |
| Roman Law | The legal system of ancient Rome, derived from the legal teachings in the Twelve Tables and the Code of Justinian. |
| Roman Republic | An ancient civilization centered in the city of Rome. Governed by elected officials and a senate, it developed a complex constitution centered on the ideas of checks and balances and the separation of powers. |
| Royal Road | An ancient highway built by the Persian king Darius the Great in the fifth century BCE. The road permitted rapid communication throughout the large Persian Empire. |
| Rule of Law | The acceptance of the legitimacy of the law and general obedience to the law. |
| Tyranny | A classical Greek philosopher from Athens. Socrates is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. |
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