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history test 3-sems2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Roman empire decline | Middle ages or Medieval period |
| Who overran the western half of the Roman Empire? | Germanic invaders. |
| What was the results of the Germanic tribes invasion? | disruption of trade- destroyed Europe's cities as economic centers. people abandoned the cites and the strong leaders left the cites leaving them with poor leadership. Decline of learning |
| Loss of common language | latin changes, different dialects formed cause the development of various languages which broke up the once unified empire even more. |
| What survived the fall of Rome and kept the order and security? | the Church |
| Clovis | leader of the franks, who were in the roman province of Gaul(Rhine River)l. clovis and 3000 of his men were baptized, which marked the partnership between two powerful forces. |
| 511 | Clovis and Franks become one kingdom |
| What was a reason for many people to become Christians? | fear of the coastal attacks by the Muslims |
| Benedict | monks and nuns- monasteries and convents. They served God. 520- Benedict began writing a book that described the strict yet practical set of rules for monasteries. |
| Scholastica | his sister headed the convent and adapted the same rules. Monasteries- educated communities they had schools, libraries and copied books. |
| 590 | Gregory I started the idea of the papacy being a secular, or worldly power involved in politics. This idea was the central theme of the Middle Ages. |
| The Dynasty that Clovis began with the Franks | Merogivingian, Clovis brought Christianity to the Germanic tribes and his wife, Clothilde was the one who inspired him. |
| What were the two Frankish communities that Clovis united? | Salian Franks (north of Rhine) and the Ripuarian (south side) |
| What was the Salian tradition on inheritance? | that when the father dies then all the sons inherit his possessions equally. |
| So what happens when Clovis dies? | empire is divided into 4 parts. Civil war- this makes the aristocrats stronger. |
| Mayor of the Palace | runs palace- domestic affairs. Very influential person because he is the distributor of all the land. |
| Pepin II(heristal) | mayor of the palace. very influential. |
| Charles Martel | 732!!! defeats the Muslims at Tours. Because of his defeat the Muslims turn around and stay in the Iberian Peninsula. Charles the hammer. Hammer- weapon. |
| Pepin III(the short) | elected king. Pope Steven II confirms this in 734. returned favor by defeating the Lombards and granting protection to the Papacy States. And protecting the Christians at all times |
| The way Pepin the short was anointed matters why? | showed the close relations with the Church and the emperor. |
| Charles Martel's son is? | Pepin the Short |
| Carolingian Dynasty | Charlemagne is the son of Pepin the Short. 768. Charles the Great. |
| Charlemagne's legacy | extends the Frankish Rule, which extended the Christians also. |
| Charlemagne(emperor) | united western Europe and defended the Papacy, so Pope Leo III crowned him emperor.<combined the Church, triebs and Roman Empire |
| Royal agents | people who made sure that the counts(landholders) were being fair. |
| 814 | Charlemagne crowns his son Louis the Pious emperor. A day before he dies. not that great of a ruler |
| Treaty of Verdun | Louis' three sons fought for power and then ended it wait the Treaty of Verdun which dividdd the empire into three kingdoms. this starts Feudalism. |
| Class notes about Charlemagne | the dominate figure of this time. Extends empire as far south as the Perrines and as for north as Saxony, east as danube valley and as far south as Napals. Carolmen |
| Why didn't Charlemagne get the inheritance since he was the oldest? | he was born out of wed-lock aka cheating. Legitimacy comes into play with the inheritance. |
| Marches | "loosely held territories that border the empire. It was a buffer to help protect the empire. Buffer was for the Muslims, other tribes and Slavic tribes |
| Saxony was a problem for Charlomange becuase? | they were always defeated but when rose up again. |
| County | ruled by a count. Vicount was the one to take over if the count wasnt there. |
| Missi dominici | represent the king who travel throughout the empire to look over the counts. One of the men was a layman and the other was a bishop. This is where church comes into play. Bureaucracy |
| 800 | Christmas day. The Pope places a crown on his head and calls him the Roman Emperor. This breaks the connection between the Church and the Byzantine Empire |
| Model of Charlemagne and his father is? | Augustus. |
| Palace school, cathedral school and monastery school | school for every monastery and cathedral. This was decree. It said that there would be a school for the poor also...the people who could provide the money for the schools did so. |
| Einherd | Charlemagne's biographer. 830 |
| Alcuin | secretary of education. Established the curriculum. 840 |
| School back then | elementary school- reading, writing and arithmetic. Higher education- geometery, music and rhetoric. |
| Venerable Bede | wrote the history of Englad. Closest thing to lit. during this time. |
| Caroline minuscule | writing that is STANDARDIZED during this time. lower case hand writing. more efficient |
| Vellum | the skin of an animal(lamb) where they might write on. |
| Carolingian Renaissance | Charlomagne's rule/Trivium |
| Quardrivium | 4 basic classes. |
| St. Jerome's Vulgate(Bible) | Secular leader, encouraging some religious ritual. standardization. The word of God is the same everywhere, no matter where they mass is bing conducted. He made copies. |
| Vulgate | common language |
| Song of Roland | campaign in the Iberian Peninsula. not successful. Roland and his small army is attacked by the larger army ofthe Muslims. where |
| 1100 | when they made it an Epic Poem. |
| Treaty of Verdun(class) | 843- makes it a triumvirate. Lothar- brother who original gets the land from Louis gets the middle. Charles the Bald- western. Louis the German- easter. Two brothers ally agaisnt Lothar and he loses |
| Treaty of Mesen | 870- west and east kingdom. |
| The Great Invasions | breakup into fragmentation. |
| Feudalism | decentralized form of government- this means that there is a significanct sharing of government. |
| Fragmentation | east- Magyars, north-Vkiings, Muslim- south and ROme. |
| Latin | official language of the Church. |
| Duke of France | Hugh Capet. He was elected king by a bishop. |
| Who was the precedent of being elected the king? | Pepin the Short.. |
| Robert | inheirtance of Hugh. this starts a dynasty that goes into the 14th century. |
| Capetian Dynasty | Chalres the 5th is the last one who doesn't have on heir to the throne when hedies. |
| Who was Otto in the beginning? | king of Saxony |
| What does he do to get elected emperor? | defeats the Magerades who were endangering the Papacy. The Pope is looking for someone to fill the postion of the last Carolingian. So the Pope asks him to defeat the Lombards also and when he does he is granted the title of emperor. protectallchristians |
| Where did the battle between Otto and the Magerades take place? | lechfield in 955 |
| What is an example of royalty marrying royalty? | Charlemagne is the great great great great great great grandfather of Hugh. and the sister of Otto is the grandmother of Hugh's wife, Adeline of Aquitaine. |
| When were the Middle Ages? | 500-1500 |
| What does decentralized mean? | that there is a significant sharing of government. but it is a very hard subject to understand because the Roman Empire was also decentralized. |
| Feudalism is a what and what system? | social and political. |
| What kind of a relationship do the rich and the poor people create in the beginning? | a personal. |
| What happens in the ritual between the superior and inferior? | it is a public ceremony where the knight take an oath to be loyal. the lord(superior) symbolically gives something to his vassal |
| What is the person taking the oath called? | fealty |
| What is a benefice? | the thing that the lord gives to his vassal. It could be fief(land), or a title or a privilege. |
| What was rule in a Feudal society? | everyone is superior to someone but at the same time inferior to someone. |
| What happens to the Capetian Dynasty | Hugh is the first. Then Charles the 5th is the last Capetian king. The same thing that happened with the last Carolingian king, they didnt have a eldest son so the HOUSE OF VALIOS was the closest branch off of Capetian. |
| Vassals | service- military service< 40 days of a year they had to fight. But only domestically. Armor they wore was very hard to move and fight in. They can also for 40 days be advisors to the lord. |
| What does the Pope do about the fighting? | says it is un-Christian like and that it has to be limited. So for 2 weeks before and after Easter and Christmas they cant fight. |
| 1099 | the pope used the fighting ability but directs it towards the Crusades. |
| Multi vassalages | one vassal maybe to one lord but one vassal maybe a lord to other vassals. |
| What is the name of the breast plate? | hubric |
| Types of Peasants? | free men and serfs |
| Free men | rent land from lord or vassal. come and go as be pleases. |
| Serf | bound to the land. born and dies there. Not chattel- or property- so he is not a slave. Provide the agricultural things. Ex- Charles the Simple and Rollo |
| What was the one way a serf could become a free man? | if he ran off the manor and ran to the town and stayed in the town for a year and a day with out getting caught |
| Manorialism | financially supports feudalism. When someone gets land they get the labor people that go with the land. Bartering |
| The Medieval Manor | manor house. village church. Peasants Cottages. Lord's Demesne (fields). peasant crofts. Mill. Common Paster(grazing). Woodland. Arable Fields. Stream. Pin-fold. Road. Waste land. |
| Arable Fields | straight, long and narrow rows. |
| 3 field system | the use of the fields rotate. spring, winter and fallow- not going to plant anything for a year, so weeds grow and then the cattle graze there and it helps fertilize the land. |
| fealty | service- 40 days, military or advisor. Loyalty |
| What are the lords obligations to his vassal | if the vassal is attacked then the lord has to provide him protection. The vassal can use the lords court. If a vassal has legal problems with another vassal they will probably go to court or fight for it. |
| Who was Otto the Greats(I) father? | henry the fouler. |
| when was otto crowned emperor? | 962 |
| Holy Roman Empire | German-Italiam empire that Otto created. It was the strongest state in Europe until 1100 |
| Lay Investiture | a ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials. the church hated this and that it wasn't right. |
| 1075 | Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture. |
| Henry IV did what about Pope Gregory's ban? | he called all the bishops he had appointed and ordered Gregory to step down from the papacy. Gregory then excommunicated Henry. Henry begged for forgiveness because no one sided with him. |
| Canossa in 1077 | henry went to Gregory's castle and stood outside it and begged for forgiveness. The Pope had to forgive him but made him wait for 3 days in the cold. |
| Concordat of Worms | the successors of Henry and Gregory didn't stop the fighting over lay investiture until 1122. Worms was city where they meet and made a compromise- the Church was the only one who could appoint the bishops but the emperor could veto the suggestions. |
| Reign of Frederick I | invaded Italy- has many merchants united against him because they hated him. great military leader |
| Lombard League | Pope and merchants who allied against Frederick. |
| 1176 | foot soldiers of the league beat the knights at the Battle of Legnano |
| 1177 | he made peace with the Pope and returned to Germany. Frederick did in 1190 |
| Invaders of Wesetern Europe | Muslims(south) and Vikings(north). |
| Vikings | Scandinavia. They were caned Norsemen or Northmen. known for their warships that could would 300 men and could sail in 3 feet of water. Stopped attacking once they found Christianity |
| Leif Ericson | sailed to North America around 1100- 500 years before Columbus |
| Magyars and Muslims attack from the East and the South | Magyars |
| 911 | Charles the Simple(king of France) and Rollo(Viking head). Charles granted the Vikings a huge piece of land in exchange for their loyalty to the king. The land was called Normandy. |
| Lord | landowner who provided housing, farmland and protection from bandits. |
| Fief | land granted |
| Vassal | person receiving the fief |
| Feudal Pyramid | king.Then vassal, landowners, bishops and nobles. Then knights- mounted horsemen who pledged to defend their lords' lands in exchange for fiefs. |
| Power | status |
| 3 groups | those who fought(nobles and knights). Those who prayed(men and women of the Church) and those who worked(peasants) |
| Serfs from the reading | were people who could not lawfully leave the place of their birth. They were not slaves because they could not be sold or bought |
| Manors | the lords estate. |
| Peasants whole world | manor and a few miles around. 15-30 families lived on a manor in a village. They had to pay a tax for marriage and for all grain grounded in the lord's mill |
| Tithe | church tax paid to the church after a marriage |
| House of the serfs | 1-2 rooms. Kitchen and bedroom for whole family. |
| Average life expectance? | 35 years . Life was more work then anything else. They believed that their lot was part of the Church's teaching and that Got determined a person's place in society. |
| European Feudalism | king, Church Officals- noble, knights, peasants. |
| Japanese Feudalism | Emperor, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants/aritsans/merchants |
| Knights- warriors on horseback | began in 700's by Charles Martel, Charlemagnes father. |
| Saddle | kept warrior seated |
| Stirrups | bracing |
| Feifs did what for lords | money |
| Chivalry | a complete set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense for lord, heavenly Lord and women |
| Knight's training | age 7- page- waited on host of house he was sent to. age 14- squire- servant to a knight and age 21- knight |
| tournaments | which were mock battles between groups of knights. People were killed and stuff but still not as bad as the real battle. |
| Castle and Siege weapons | siege towers. Mantlet- shielded soldiers. Tortoise- house on wheels. Battering Ram. Trebuchet- great slingshot. Mangonei- flung hufe rocks that crashed the walls of the castle. |
| Epic Poetry | story of hero's deeds and adventures. ex: the song of Roland- turns the events into troubles. |
| Two obligations of knights | responsibility to his wife and to his lord |
| Troubadours | traveling poet-musicans at the castle and courts. |
| What was the real nature of knights | brutal but were portrayed as romantic. |
| Noblewomen | inherit land, send knights to war, defend castle, had little land though because land was passed down to sons not daughters. |
| Peasant women | endless labor, bore children and took care of them, powerless and poor. |
| Age of Faith | monastery in Cluny in France in 910 was really important. Reforms went back to basic principles of the Church and the pope began to reform the Church |
| Problems in the Church | priests- could not read. Popes were immoral. Bishops and abbots- cared more of feudal position then spiritual leadership |
| 3 main reasons reforms were distressed | many priests had families. SIMONY-bishops sold position in the Church. Lay investiture |
| Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII | enforced law against marriage of priest and simony |
| Papal Curia | advisors to the Pope. Court developed canon law on matters of marriage, divorce and inheritance. |
| Friars | Traveled and were like monks. Practiced chastity, poverty and obedience. Owned nothing and begged for everything and preached to the poor |
| Dominic | founded Dominicans. order of friars that were scholars |
| Francis of Assisi | Franciscans |
| Clare | 1212 founded the Franciscan order for women . Poor Clares |
| Hidegar of Bingen | Musican founded the Benedictine convent in 1147. helped sick and were like friars but could not travel. |
Created by:
krzykap
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