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OC 11&12 Stud. Guide
OC Chapter 11 & 12 Study Guide Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who created the printing press and why was it important to the Renaissance? | Johann Gutenberg (c. 1400-1468); it helped the spread of ideas and enabled more people to read; it was cheaper and faster than hand-copying books |
| Who was Cosimo de Medici and why was he important? | He was the head of a successful Italian banking family who hired artists and architects to help beautify Florence, Italy. |
| Describe the use of perspective in Renaissance art. | creates a background that makes the picture look like it's three-dimentional; figures in the foreground appear larger than the ones in the background; makes it seem like you could walk into the picture |
| List the various studies and interests of Leonardo da Vinci. | expert painter, engineer, inventor, architect, sculptor; studied anatomy and science |
| What is humanism? How did this philosophy differ from Medieval Europe? | the study of the humanities, such as art, history, literature, public speaking - subjects that emphasized the ability of humans |
| How is the work of Renaissance artists different from medieval artists? | more subjects than just religion; used perspective; made people look more realistic, with personality |
| What ideas sparked the beginning of the Renaissance? | a renewed interest in the lost works of ancient Greek and Roman writers and philosophers - the "classics" |
| Describe Machiavelli’s view of government and politics | Wrote "The Prince" - He was critical of government and the politics in Florence, and his book offered advice to its leaders. |
| Why was Florence considered the birthplace of the Renaissance? | It was the heart of the humanist movement, and with the Medici Family footing the bill, was one of the most beautiful and cultured cities in the world at the time. |
| What major sea allowed cities such as Genoa and Venice to thrive? | Mediterranean Sea |
| Name two of Michelangelo’s famous works. | Sistine Chapel frescoes and the statue of David |
| How did the Catholic Church try to stop the spread of Protestantism? (4 things) | 1) forming new religious orders, such as the Jesuits, to win people back to the Catholic faith; 2) reforms at the Council of Trent; 3) punishing Protestants, banning their books; 4) sending missionaries around the world |
| What caused a weakening of the influence of the Catholic Church during the late Renaissance? (4 things) | 1) the sale of indulgences; 2) two (or more!) popes at a time; 3) corruption among the clergy, breaking of vows, etc.; 4) conflicts with rulers (such as King Philip IV) |
| According to Catholic beliefs, what is the connection between purgatory and the selling of indulgences? | It was believed that people who bought indulgences would spend less time in purgatory after they died, and get to heaven faster. |
| What was the main goal of Catholic missionaries after the Reformation? | to convert people to the Catholic faith and win Protestants back to the Church |
| What changes did the Catholic Church make after the Council of Trent? (4 things) | 1) new rules for clergy to follow; 2)stressed the importance of the clergy as interpreters of the Bible; 3) made a clear distinction btwn. Catholic and Protestant beliefs and practices; 4) ENDED THE SELLING OF INDULGENCES |
| Who did Martin Luther believe could read and interpret the Bible? | He believed people could read the Bible for themselves - they did NOT need the clergy to interpret it for them. |
| Who was William Tyndale? | (c. 1494-1536) English professor who translated the Bible into English (widely used, called the "King James" version) and was later ordered executed by Church officials |
| Who was John Calvin? | (1509-1564) Protestant reformer who started a church in Switzerland - Calvinists believe in the idea of predestination, which means God has a predetermined plan for everyone |
| What did author Dante write, and why was it significant? | "The Divine Comedy" - He wrote it in Italian, the common language of the people(vernacular) so they could read and enjoy his book. |
| What was the major result of the Thirty Years’ War? | The TREATY OF WESTPHALIA - Rulers could choose whether their countries would be Catholic or Protestant; most countries in northern Europe became Protestant |
| Why did Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church and form his own church? What was it called? | - for personal reasons: the pope wouldn't grant him a divorce, so he formed the Anglican Church, or Church of England |
| Why was Petrarch important to the Renaissance? | He was a famous Italian poet who pioneered the study of the classical writings of ancient Greece and Rome and stressed the importance of studying history. |
Created by:
Oak Crest
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