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Module 4
A&P 2 -- Chapter 17-18 Female Rep. System & OB Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gynecology | Study of diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system |
| Gynecologist | Physician who specializes in the study of a woman |
| Coitus/Copulation | Sexual intercourse/union between 2 people of the opposite sex |
| External genitalia | Vulva |
| Mons pubis | Fatty tissue that covers and cushions symphysis pubis; covered with triangular patch of hair after puberty |
| Labia majora | Located on either side of the vaginal opening, extending from the mon pubis to perineum |
| Labia minora | Two thin folds of tissue located within the folds of the labia majora |
| Bartholin's Gland | Located on either side of the vagina orifice; secretes a fluid substance that lubricates the vagina |
| Clitoris | Vaginal erectile tissue, located just beneath the upper junction of the labia majora; produces sexual arousal when stimulated |
| Urinary Orifice/Meatus | Located just above vaginal orifice |
| Vestibule | Opening to urethra, vagina and Bartholin's gland (flooring) |
| Vaginal Orifice | Located in lower part of vestibule below the urinary meatus |
| Perineum | Located between vaginal orifice and anus |
| Internal Genitalia | Vagina, Uterus, Ovaries |
| Vagina | Muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva; rests between bladder and rectum; stretchable fold of inner lining (rugae) which expands during childbirth to allow baby to pass through |
| Uterus | Pear-shaped hollow muscular organ behind bladder and in front of rectum; source of monthly menstrual flow |
| 3 Portions of Uterus | Fundus (small dome-shaped upper portion), Body (central portion), Cervix (narrower, neck-like portion at lower end) |
| Wall of the Uterus (3 layers) | Perimetrium (outermost layer), Myometrium (middle muscular layer), Endometrium (inner most layer which shed during menses) |
| Graafian Follicle | Ruptures/shoots out ova as first stage of ovulation; ova mature here under influence of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) |
| Fallopian Tubes | Also known as Uterine Tubes or Oviducts; serve as passageways for ova as they exit ovary en route to uterus |
| Fimbriae | Finger-like projections that draw the ovum into tubes through wave-like motions when ovum is released from ovary and fertilization takes place |
| 1st Stage of Ovulation | Ova shoots out of ovary and into fallopian tube |
| 2nd Stage of Ovulation | Ovum is released from ovary and fimbriae draw ovum into tubes |
| 3rd Stage of Ovulation | Fertilization of ovum takes place |
| Ovaries | Primary sex organ of the female; almond-shaped pair held in place by ligaments; produce gametes (sex cells); responsible for production of estrogen and progesterone |
| Estrogen | Responsible for secondary sex characteristics of female -- breasts, hips, pubic and axillary hair |
| Progesterone | Responsible for sustaining pregnancy should fertilization occur |
| Mammary Glands | Responsible for milk production and located on anterior chest wall over pectoral muscles |
| Areola | Darker pigmented area surrounding the nipple; contain Montgomery tubercles (small sebaceous glands) that are active during pregnancy |
| Nipple | Center of breast that consists of erectile tissue |
| Internal Tissues of the Breast | Adipose (outer edges/fatty tissue), Connective (supports adipose tissue), Glandular (glands that radiate outward around the nipple) |
| Female Pelvis (4 parts) | Sacrum, Coccyx, Pubic Bone, Ischial Spine |
| Pelvimetry | Measuring across pelvic outlet from varying angle to determine size for passage of fetus |
| Puberty | Period of life marking ability to reproduce; female repr. organs fully developed along with secondary sex characteristic changes taking place |
| Menstrual Phase | Days 1 to 5 -- menstrual flow occurring day 1 and lasts 3-5 days |
| Post-menstrual Phase | Days 6 to 12 -- Interval between menses and ovulation |
| Ovulatory Phase | Days 13 to 14 -- Graafian follicle releases ova |
| Pre-menstrual Phase | Days 15 to 28 -- time frame between ovulatory phase and onset of menstrual flow |
| Obstetrics (OB) | Field of medicine that focuses on pregnancy (prenatal), delivery of baby and the first 6 weeks after delivery (postpartum) |
| Obstetrician | Physician who specializes in the care of a woman during pregnancy, delivery and 6 weeks following delivery |
| Perinatologist | Physician who specializes in care for a mother and fetus with greater risk of complications |
| Risk factors for pregnant mother | Hypertension, diabetes, Autoimmune disorders, etc. |
| Risk factors for fetus | Triplets or greater, abnormalities discovered during pregnancy |
| Pregnancy Duration | 40 weeks/9-10 months/3 trimesters |
| Which trimesters present greatest risk to fetus and or mother? | 1st and 3rd Trimesters |
| Fertilization (conception) | Union of sperm and mature ovum |
| Zygote | Initial name of fertilized ovum as it travels down to the uterus for implantation |
| Embryo | Name given during 2nd-8th week of pregnancy after implanting in the uterus |
| Fetus | Name given during 9th week through duration of gestational period |
| Two Major Accessory Structures of Pregnancy | Amniotic Sac and Placenta |
| Amniotic Sac (fetal membrane) | Strong thin walled membranous sac that envelopes and protects growing fetus |
| Placenta | Temporary organ of pregnancy that provide respirations, nutrition and oxygen to fetus |
| Maternal Side of Placenta | Attached to wall of uterus and has beefy red color |
| Fetal Side of Placenta | Shiny, slightly gray-ish appearance that contains arteries and veins |
| Contractions | Period of tightening and relaxing of uterine muscle |
| Labor | Process of fetus and placenta leaving the uterus |
| Striae | Stretch marks |
| Linea Nigra | Dark line extending from fundus to symphysis pubis during pregnancy |
| Hysterectomy | Surgical removal of uterus |
| Braxton Hicks | Irregular contractions -- false labor |
| Chadwick's Sign | Blueish-violet hue to cervix and vagina |
| Goodwell's Sign | Softening of the cervix felt by examiner |
| Hegar's Sign | Softening of lower segment of uterus |
| Quickening | First feeling of movement by expectant mother from 18-20 weeks |
| Lightening | Fetal head settles into the pelvis a few weeks prior to onset of labor |
| Eclampsia | Most severe form of hypertension during pregnancy (seizures present) |
| Chloasma | Tan or brown patches on forehead, cheeks and nose during pregnancy "mask of pregnancy" |
| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstruation |
| Ballottement | Technique that causes fetus to bounce within amniotic fluid, examiner feels it rebound quickly |
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monkmaroni
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