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Ancient Greece
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Minoans | Earliest civilized Europeans |
| Crete | Where the Minoans lived |
| Mycenaean | Replaced the Minoan civilization |
| Linear B | a writing system |
| Hoplite warfare | Heavily armed men carrying shields, and used spears to thrust, not throw, as well troops would stand side by side |
| Democracy | government by the people |
| Oligarchy | government of a few people, or in a dominant class |
| Aristocracy | Class of people holding exceptional ranks and privileges |
| Monarchy | Supreme power is nominally lodged in the monarch |
| Tyranny | Despotic abuse to authority |
| Athens | Introduced democracy |
| Sparta | Introduced oligarchy |
| The Persian Wars | Ionians called for help, but Persians stopped the revolt easily and wanted revenge |
| Peloponnesian Wars | War between Sparta and Athens |
| Sophists | Travelling teachers, and trained students in public speaking |
| Socrates | Developed ideas and created a method of teaching known as the "socratic method" |
| Plato | Believed a state could only achieve good if every citizen adhered to truth, wisdom, courage and moderation |
| Aristotle | Classified plants and animals and developed the idea of testing the hypothesis |
| Stoics | said happiness comes from accepting what you have and what happened to you |
| Epicurians | said we should do what we want to enjoy iur lives to feel happy, we should maximize pleasure |
| Skeptics | said that we do not know anything about the world and even ourselves, don't know what's right or wrong |