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Pathology
Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Distribution of random particles throughout the environment, the main mechanism for the exchange of nutrients and waste at the cellular level | Diffusion |
| Vessels leaving the heart | Arteries and arterioles |
| Vessels going towards the heart | Venules and veins |
| Solid components of blood are: | RBC, WBC, platlets |
| Different classes of WBC fight off different types of invaders in different states of infection | True |
| Lack of blood | Anemia |
| Anemia s/s, | Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, rapid HR, intolerance to cold, heart problems |
| Massage indications for anemia | Can enjoy same as others, if due to infection, cancer use caution and be part of team |
| Embolism and Thrombus | Are on the arteriole side |
| Traveling clot or collection of debris | Embolism |
| Lodged clot | Thrombus |
| Clot or debris anywhere on the venous side of the system circuit can only travel to the lungs | Pulmonary embolism. |
| Leading cause of death in hospital | Pulmonary embolism |
| Complication of arthersclerosis | Arterial thrombus |
| Originate as clots or plaque that forms with atherosclerosis or related to arterial fibrillation or rheumatic heart disaese | Arteriole embolism |
| Serious brain embolism can cause | Ischemic stroke |
| Debris lodges in coronary arter | Heart attack |
| Massage indications for clots | Non mechanical forms for at risk, if no lingering problems then same as any population |
| Collection of genetic disorders characterized by the absence of some plasma proteins that are crucial in clot formation process | Hemophilia |
| Hemophiliacs bleed longer or faster then average human | Longer have no clotting factors |
| Types of Hemophilia | Type A most common over 80%, Type B (Christmas), Von Willebrand disease |
| Hemophilia s/s | Bruising, hematomas, nosebleeds (epitaxis), hemauturia |
| Massage indications hemophilia | Severe is contraindication may cause bruising, gentle light touch |
| White blood is a cancer that affects bone marrow function | Leukemia |
| Mutation in the DNA of one or more stem cells in the bone marrow cause the production of multitudes of non function leukocyes | Luekemia |
| Types of leukemeia | Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL), Chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) |
| Leukemia s/s | fatigue, low stamina due to anemia, bruise, |
| Massage indications leukemia | gentle body work depending on stage of leukemia |
| Marrow tumor is a blood cancer involving maturing B cells that are found in bone marrow, interfere with normal blood production causing anemia and spontaneous fractures | Myeloma |
| What happens with myeloma | Immaturiting B cells undergo mutation and become cancerous; turn bone marrow into tumors |
| Where does myeloma occur | Spine, pelvis, ribs or skull |
| s/s of myeloma | fractures, bone pain, anemia |
| Massage indications of myeloma | be aware of positioning and bruising, gentle non invasive |
| Production of abnormal hemoglobin, the protein that carries O2 in RBC | Sickle cell |
| s/s of Sickle cell | pain, fatigue, SOB, pallor, jaundice |
| Massage indications of sickle cell | have compromised circulation may be to challenging to be safe |
| Obstructed veins and inflammation due to blood clots | Thrombophlebitis and DVT |
| Stationary clots in the venous system brake loose and go up the vena cava to right side of hear into the pulmonary artery causing | Pulmonary emblolism |
| s/s of thrombophlebitis | inflammation pain, heat, redness, swelling skin ulcers |
| Which is worse Thrombophlebitis or DVT | DVT cause clot is Thrombophlebitis and DVTdeeper and more damage to the lungs |
| Massage indications for Thrombophlebitis and DVT | No rigorous massage till pain is located and treated |
| Bulge in the wall of blood vessel or heart | Aneurysm |
| Massage indications of anuerysm | Can increase/decrease BP, only if can tolerate changes |
| Hardening of arteries from any cause | Atheosclerosis |
| Risk factors of athesclerosis | Heredity genetics, gender Men 45 women 55, age, kidney disorders: controllable: smoking, high cholesterol, high BP, lazy, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, |
| Types of atherosclerosis | coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease |
| s/s of atherosclerosis | silent because body doesn't depend on 1 artery to do a job |
| Massage indications of athersclerosis | based on normal activity levels |
| High BP, above 140/90, internal/external forces on arteries | Hypertension |
| s/s of hypertension | The silent killer |
| Massage indications for hypertension | meds may cause dizziness/lethargy may need more time after massage to rest. |
| Involves the status of the arteriole in hands and feet that case vasospasms can affect nose, ears and lips | Raynaud syndrome |
| s/s of Raynauds | grey, blueish, red |
| Massage indication of Raynauds | Must know the underlying condition, as long as the skin is intact and health adn medications are accommodating. |
| distended twisted or ropy superficial veins | Varicose veins |
| Massage indications for varicose veins | Local contraindication, increase for DVT, gliding pressure, respond well to hydrotherapy and alternating hot and cold application. |
| Damage to portion of cardiac muscle tissue through ischemia or lack of blood flow and oxygen supply. Portion of cardiac muscle dies ischemic attack | Heart attack |
| s/s of Heart attack | Angina, pain let arm, SOB, stomach/abdominal pain |
| Massage indication for heart attack | Depends on how client can withstand the changes , gentle supportive bodywork |
| Loss of cardiac function that accompanies age and history of cardiovascular disease | Heart failure |
| s/s of heart failure | SOB, low stamina, edema, heart failure |
| Massage indicator for heart failure | meds may cause dizziness/lethargy may need more time after massage to rest. Gentle bodywork |
Created by:
Protire
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