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Infection Control Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does mode of transmission mean? | An organisms needs transportation to a new host |
| Describe the Direct contact modes of transmission | person to person |
| Describe the indirect contact modes of transmission | person to object to person |
| Describe the droplet modes of transmission | coughs, sneezes |
| Describe the vehicle route modes of transmission | via water, food, blood, bodyfluids |
| Describe the airborne modes of transmission | dust evaporated droplets, hair and skin particles, ventilation systems |
| Describe the vector modes of transmission | bird, animal or insect --- i.e. West Nile Virus |
| Describe the normal flora microorganism | Normally present in the body Do not cause disease |
| Describe bacteria microorganism | Single celled, nonpathogenic, multiply by cell division, Some cause infection |
| Describe viruses | Small, cannot live on their own, need host cell to multiply |
| Describe Fungi | Single-celled, use spores to reproduce |
| Describe Protozoa | Single celled, found mostly in contaminated water and sewage systems |
| How should you treat someone with HIV/AIDS? | Respect, warmth, empathy, acceptance and dignity |
| What are standard precautions? | Protection from cross-contamination i.e. PPE (personal/ proper protective equipment) |
| What are the contraindications for MMR? | (contraindication) (medicine) A reason that makes it inadvisable to prescribe a particular drug or employ a particular procedure or treatment. |
| What are the contraindications for MMR? | Pregnancy |
| What are the contraindications for MMR? | Immunoglobulin any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system that function as antibodies. |
| What are the contraindications for MMR? | Sensitivity to eggs/neomycin - an antibiotic related to streptomycin, active against a wide variety of bacterial infections. |
| What is a pathogen? | A disease causing microorganism |
| What is chemical disinfection used for? | Heat sensitive equipment |
| What is medical asepsis? | Killing germs after they leave the body |
| What is surgical asepsis? | An extension of medical asepsis aka sterilization destroys all pathogens before they enter the body |
| What is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious organisms? | Hand washing |
| Why do vaccines work? | The body responds in the same manner to an antigen whether it is exposed to it naturally or via vaccine |
| What does the chain of infection mean? | The links in the chain of infection |
| How can AIDs be transmitted? | Unprotected sexual intercourse, shared needles or other drug equipment, tattooing, skin piercing and acupuncture with contaminated equipment, injury from a needle or sharp instrument contaminated by blood |
| What is the “universal disinfectant”? | Bleach |
| What is postexposure prophylaxis? | PEP Treatment after exposure to a pathogen |
| What is postexposure prophylaxis? | Post-exposure prophylaxis - Post-exposure prophylaxis is any preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen, in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease |
| A device using steam for sterilization | autoclave |
| a pathogen or any other substance that induces an antibody response | antigen |
| a protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens | antibody |
| a hospital-related infection; one that is not present or incubating when a patient is admitted to a hospital or a healthcare facility | nosocomial infection |
| an infection that has spread to more than one region of the body | systemic infection |
| any instrument with a sharp edge or point, such as a scalpel, scissors, or a needle | sharp |
| applied to the skin or affected area | topical |
| bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow | anaerobic bacteria |
| bacteria that require oxygen to grow | aerobic bacteria |
| causing abnormalities in the fetus | teratogenic |
| a cleansing agent applied to living tissue to destroy pathogens | antiseptic |
| one in which the symptoms disappear and recur, while the disease-causing agent remains in the body | latent infection |
| completely free of pathogens | sterile |
| a substance that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life in an inanimate environment | sterilant |
| a chemical substance that destroys or eliminates specific species of infectious microorganisms. It is not usually effective against bacterial spores | disinfectant |
| a disease process that results from the entry and spread of a microorganism | infection |
| a disease that is spread from person to person | contagious disease |
| an individual's ability to fight off disease | immunity |
| an infection in which signs and symptoms are present | active infection |
| infection of the middle ear | otitis media |
| an infection that is time limited | acute infection |
| isolating or separating a client, client-care unit, or facility | quarantine |
| killing microorganisms | bactericidal |
| an infection that is confined to a specific region of the body | local infection |
| removal of gross contaminants and some microorganisms from instruments, skin, and so on; the lowest level of medical hygiene | sanitization |
| methods to avoid contamination of sterile materials | sterile technique |
| a microorganism that causes disease | pathogen |
| a more thorough removal of contaminants than sanitization but less thorough than sterilization | disinfection |
| not causing disease | nonpathogenic |
| an infection that does not ordinarily cause disease but does so under certain circumstances, for example, in compromised immune systems; so called because it takes advantage of an "opportunity" | opportunistic infection |
| an organism so small that it can only be seen under a microscope | microorganism |
| a period in which a chronic infection shows no symptoms | remission |
| a period in which a chronic infection shows symptoms | exacerbation |
| one that is persistent over a long period of time, perhaps life | chronic infection |
| a substance that significantly reduces the bacterial population in an inanimate environment but does not destroy all bacteria or other microorganisms | sanitizer |
| reducing or inhibiting the number of microorganisms | bacteriostatic |
| the re-emergence of an initial infection after it appears to have subsided but has not been cured | relapse |
| a distinct episode of an infection after recovery from the initial infection; may involve the same pathogens or different ones | recurrent infection |
| a serum that contains antibodies that can help protect an exposed person from contracting the disease | immunoglobulin |
| a state in which pathogens are absent or reduced. There are two principal types of asepsis: medical and surgical | asepsis |
| the process of destroying all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses. This is the highest level of cleanliness | sterilization |
| the power of a microbe to produce a disease in a particular host | virulence |
| the presence of pathogens on an object | contamination |
| treatment after exposure to a pathogen | PEP |
| without clinical signs of symptoms | asymptomatic |
Created by:
brigitte1112
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