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Chapter 14
Vocabulary - Lymphatic and Immune Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptive immunity: | The ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mailed in attack on them. Humoral (B cells) and cell – mediated immunity (T cells) are examples. |
| Adenoids: | Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx. |
| Antibody: | Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens. |
| Antigen: | Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; invokes an immune response. |
| Auxiliary nodes: | Lymph nodes in the armpits (underarms). |
| B cell (B lymphocyte): | Lymphocytes that matures into a plasma cell to create antibodies. |
| Cell-mediated immunity | T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) that respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity. |
| Cervical nodes: | Lymph nodes in the neck region. |
| Complement system: | Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target |
| Cytokines: | Protein secreted by the cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. |
| Cytotoxic T cells: | Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8 – positive T cell. |
| Dendrite cell: | Antigen – presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack. |
| Helper T cell: | Lymph lymphocytes that aids B cells and stimulate T cells. Also called CD4 – positive T cell. |
| Humoral immunity: | These cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity. |
| Immunity: | Body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damaged tissues and organs. This includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity. |
| Immunoglobulins: | IgA, IGE, IgG, IgE M, and IgD, secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen. |
| Immunotherapy: | Use of immature cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease. |
| Inguinal nodes: | Lymph nodes in groin region. |
| Interferons: | Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response. |
| Interleukins: | Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes limb when it enters lymph capillaries. |
| Lymph: | Then, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. |
| Lymph capillaries: | Thinnest lymphatic vessels. |
| Lymphoid organs: | Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland. |
| Lymph node: | Collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection. |
| Lymph vessel: | Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels and the limb into veins in the upper part of the chest. |
| Macrophage: | Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body. Phag/o means to swallow. |
| Mediastinal nodes: | Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs and the thoracic (chest) cavity. |
| Mesenteric nodes: | Lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region). |
| Monoclonal antibody: | Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy. |
| Natural immunity: | Protection that an individual is born with to fight infections such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory. |
| Paraaortic nodes: | Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar, waste, area of the body. |
| Plasma cell: | Lymphocytes that secrete antibodies. It matures from be lymphocytes. |
| Right lymphatic duct: | Lymphatic vessels in the chest that dreams lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties limped into a large vein on the neck. |
| Spleen: | Organ the upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes in stores blood. |
| Suppressor T cell: | Lymphocytes that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg (regulatory T-cell). |
| T cell (T lymphocyte): | Lymphocytes that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens. |
| Tolerance: | The ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self"or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body. |
| Thoracic duct: | Large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest) it empties slam into large veins in the neck |
| Thymus gland: | Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react foreign cells and aid in the immune response. |
| Tonsils: | Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx. |
| Toxin: | Poison, a protein produced by certain bacterial, animals, or plants. |
| Vaccination: | Closure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. Response will destroy any cell the processes the antigen on its surface and protect against infection |
| Vaccine: | Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins or other proteins given to induce immunity to an infection or disease. |
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Bowiegirl
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