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1945B World History
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stalin’s five year plans were intended to transform Russia into what? | An industrial society |
| Hitler was confident that western states who signed the Treaty of Versailles would not have to use what to maintain it? | Force |
| It was based on Prime Minister Chamberlain’s belief in Adolf Hitler’s promises | Great Britain’s had appeasement policies |
| Sudetenland | The area of Czechoslovakia that Hitler was |
| Britain and France declared war on Germany two days after Hitler’s invasion of what country? | Poland |
| The “Mukden incident” | An attack on a Japanese railway by Japanese soldiers disguised as Chinese |
| In 1940, Japan was forced to decide which ones it needed more | Indochina’s raw materials or US oil and scrap iron |
| What significant event happened on Dec. 7, 1941? | Japanese launched a surprise attack on the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor |
| What Happened at Dunkirk? | Heroic efforts by the Royal Navy and private civilians evacuated 338,000 Allied troops |
| Blitzkrieg | Hitler’s form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks |
| Why did Hitler plan to conquer the Soviet Union? | To secure land and Slavic slaves to strengthen the Reich |
| The Battle of Stalingrad | The entire German Sixth Army was lost |
| The battle of Midway Island | The turning point of the war in Asia that established US naval superiority over Japan |
| Total War | It involved a complete mobilization of resources of people |
| What did the USSR, the US and Great Britain all insist on at Yalta? | That Germany surrender unconditionally |
| The Tehran Conference in 1943 | Set in Motion a plan that would result in German being divided along a north-south line into East and West |
| The Marshall Plan | Designed to restore the economic stability of European nations after WWII |
| What three groups were victims of the Holocaust? | Jews, Slavic people, Gypsies |
| What did the Nazis build when the Einsatzgruppen proved to be too slow? | Special extermination camps in Poland |
| Heinrich Himmler | Administered the Nazi’s Final Solutions |
| Why did Truman want to avoid an invasion? | He believed that Americans would suffer heavy losses |
| What did Truman demand from Eastern Europe at the Potsdam Conference? | Freely elected governments |
| Warsaw Pact | Sought to create a military alliance between the Soviet Union and various Eastern European Nations |
| What did the Truman Doctrine state that the US would provide to nations threatened by Communist expansions? | Money |
| US fears about the spread of communism increased when what country became a Communist nation in 1949? | China |
| Cold War | A period of political tension following WWII |
| Experienced an “economic miracle” after WWII? | West Germany |
| What did US and Great Britain believe about the liberated nations of Eastern Europe? | That they held free election to determine their futures |
| What did Egyptian colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser do in 1956? | He seized the Suez Canal company from Britain and France |
| Name three areas that Israel gained control over during the Six-Day War | Sinai Peninsula, West Bank territory, and the Golan Heights |
| What policy did the US adopt toward the Soviet Union to stop the spread of communism | Containment |
| What view does Pan-Africanism promote? | Black Africans share a common identity |
| Brezhnev Doctrine | The policy that the Soviet Union had a right to intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist nation |
| What did many Americans fear when Soviet Union launched the Sputnik I Satellite in 1957? | That the Soviet Union launched the Soviet Union was ahead of the US in the production of missiles |
| Alexander Dubcek | A communist leader who initiated the “Prague Spring” with a series of reform in Czechoslovakia |
| Who was fighting in Northern Ireland throughout the 1960s and 1970s that the British Government struggled to address? | Catholics and Protestants |
| Joseph McCarthy | The US Senator responsible for the anti-Communist movement known as the “Red Scare” |
| detente | Refers to improved relations between the US and the Soviet Union in the 1970s |
| Why was the Berlin Wall built? | To prevent East Germans from defecting to West Germany |
| Which nation declined economically after WWII? | Great Britain |
| In what state did Vladimir Putin use military force to suppress a rebellion? | Chechnya |
| The North American Free trade Agreement... | Sought to establish cooperative trade guidelines between Canada, the US and Mexico |
| Why did Margaret Thatcher resign? | After her plan to replace local property taxes with a national flat-rate tax was rejected |
| One of European Union’s first goals was the establishment of what? | A common European currency |
| Gorbachev realized that economic reform would not succeed without what? | Political reform |
| Gorbachev had some serious problems with his reforms. One was... | Multi-ethnic republics |
| Perestroika | The Russian word that means restructuring used to describe the reform movement led by Mikhail Gorbachev |
| How did President Carter protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? | By canceling US participation in the 1980 Olympic Games |
| By 1980, the Soviet Union was ailing from what? | A declining economy, a rising infant mortality, and poor working conditions |
| New tensions arose between Bosnia and Serbia when Serbia refused to all whom continued to exist as an autonomous province | Kosovo |
| What caused the states to join the Allies in fighting WWI? | The German’ unrestricted use of submarine warfare |
| Name at least three things considered a major cause of WWII | The Growth of Nationalism, Militarism, and Internal Dissent |
| Who’ s military plan called for war on two fronts? | General Von Schlieffen |
| What kind of warfare was characterized in the Western front that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years? | Trench Warfare |
| Who were the Central Powers? | Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian, Germany and the Ottoman Empire |
| Militarism | The aggressive preparation for war, which was growing along with nations’ armies |
| What fatal mistakes did Kerensky make? | Deciding to continue the war |
| What did Lenin do in an attempt to end Russia’s involvement in the war? | He signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. This gave up a lot of Russia’s territory. |
| What did President Wilson argue for at the Paris Peace Conference? | A League of Nations to prevent future wars |
| Treaty of Versailles | Under this treaty, Germany was forced to pay for war damage, give up land to a new Polish state and return Alsace and Lorraine to France |
| Nuremberg laws | Laws excluding Jews from German citizenship |
| Fascist Government | A strong central government led by a dictatorial leader |
| What happened on Nov. 9, 1938 that was led by the Nazis and was a destructive rampage against German Jews? | The Kristallnacht |
| What was Hitler’s goal? | To create a Third Reich, or a German Empire |
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