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Enlightenment
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Natural law | Laws that govern human nature |
Social Conract | An agreement by which people give up the state of nature for an organized society |
Natural right | Right that belongs to all humans from birth |
Separation of Powers | Dividing the various functions (legislative, judicial, executive) of government to protect from tyranny |
Checks and Balances | An idea that each branch of government should check the power of the other two. |
Philosophes | Member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society. |
Laissez-Faire | Policy allowing business to operate with little or no gov't interference |
Denis Diderot | Created a 28 volume encyclopedia |
Thomas Hobbes | Believed that people needed an absolute monarch to rule them. |
John Locke | People had natural rights-including life, liberty, & property. Influenced Thomas Jefferson |
Baron de Montesquieu | Believed in separation of powers and checks & balances |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Believed in a social contract-community placed ahead of the individual |
Adam Smith | Believed in laissez-faire, without government assistance |
Voltaire | Attacked the French government and the Catholic Church in his writings. |
Mary Wollstonecraft | Believed a woman should be a good mother, but her interests could be different than her husbands. |