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French Revolution
Enlightenment thinkers to the French Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Old Regime in France: | A period in France before 1789 where the king and queen had absolute power |
| Name and explain the Three Estates during the Old Regime in France. | Clergy 1% of the pop.no taxes, owned 10% land Nobility 2% of the pop. very little taxes, owned 25% land Commoners 97% of the Pop. paid all of the taxes, owned 65% land, Bourgeoisie =doctors, lawyers, merchants, educated people 4 mill peasants 21 mill |
| Who were the bourgeoisie? | Bourgeoisie made up of doctors, lawyers, merchants, educated people or professionals (4 million people) |
| Who had the biggest tax burden during the Old Regimes reign? | Third Estate |
| Explain why the people of France stormed the Bastille. | A symbol of oppression, Louis XVI sent troops to Paris, The building housed weapons and ammo and political prisoners |
| What type of government did the Conservatives want? | Constitution |
| What type of government did the Radicals want? | Republic |
| Who made up a majority of the government officials and military officers? | Third Estate |
| What French document contained the following words: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity? | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| Explain the importance of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and who gained the right to vote? | All men of universal manhood suffrage |
| In 1789, what would the Third Estate begin to call themselves? | National Assembly |
| What type of government did the National Assembly create? | Constitutional Monarchy |
| Name the individual that pushed for the following principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity that are found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. | Maximillian Robespierre |
| What type of government was created with the Constitution of 1791? | Constitutional Monarchy |
| Who became the voice of the French people in their growing hatred toward the French monarchy? Why was he important? | Maximillian Robespierre and he would eventually take over the government as a dictator when the king was executed |
| After Louis XVI was overthrow Austria would invade France, why? | The Austrian emperor wanted to restore his sister to the French throne |
| Who did the Radicals hold captive after the Austrian invasion of France? | Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette |
| Define Counterrevolution: | Catholics and Royalist would try to free the king and queen |
| What would occur to those who were suspected of loyalty to the Old Regime? What was the name given to this time? | They would be beheaded during the Reign of Terror |
| Why was the National Convention the most radical legislative body during the French Revolution? | They executed the King and Queen and established a dictatorship |
| List three success of the National Convention | Wage and price controls, Slavery was abolished in French Colonies, A new system of weights and measures were put into place |
| Explain why Louis XVI was beheaded by the National Convention. | Treason, because he tried to flee the country |
| What person was called to defend France from England, Austria, and Russia? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| Explain why Napoleon was able to rise so fast and gain power. | His marriage to Josephine de Beauharnais and his leadership ability |
| What was the Napoleonic Code? | A system of laws which respected people’s rights |
| What would happen to Maximilien Robespierre? | Beheaded by the National Convention |
| Define Coup de tat: | An overthrow of a government |
| Explain the Concordat: | 1. It was an agreement between the Pope and Napoleon 2. The church would give up its claim to French land 3. Religious freedom would be allowed in France |
| Why would the people of France accepted Napoleon as their dictator? | He gave stability after years of chaos |
| When Napoleon invaded Russia, what military tactic did the Russians use? | Scorched-earth policy |
| What type of government was established under Napoleon? | Military dictatorship |
| What was the most important reason for Napoleon’s failure to conquer Russia? | Its climate and size |
| Where did Napoleon’s final defeat occur? | Waterloo |
| After Napoleon’s defeat, Europe was governed by a system called the __________ | Concert of Europe |
| What happened at the Congress of Vienna? | a. Countries that lost to Napoleon were paid back b. A balance of power would be restored c. Former ruling families would be restored to power |
| Who became the French king after Napoleons defeat? | Louis XVIII |
Created by:
mrwebsterdavison
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