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Political Geography
AP Human Geography - Unit 4 Political Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Political Geeography | the study of the political organization of the world |
| Sovereignty | a recognized right to control a territory both politically and militarily |
| Multinational State | a state with more than one nation inside its borders |
| Multistate Nation | when a nation stretches across borders and across states |
| Stateless Nations | nations that do not have a state Ex: the Kurds |
| World Systems Theory | 3. the world has a three tier structure: Core Periphery Semiperiphery |
| Core | where one is most likely to find higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology |
| Periphery | processes associated with a more marginal position in the world economy |
| Semiperiphery | places where core and periphery processes are both occurring |
| Centripetal Forces | forces within the state that unify the people |
| Centrifugal Forces | forces that divide the people Ex: Language |
| Unitary Governments | centralized states whose administrative framework is designed to ensure the central government's authority over all the state |
| Strong Federal System | regions have much control over government policies and funs |
| Weak Federal System | the central government retains a significant measure of power |
| Devolution | the movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the states |
| Reapportionment | process by which districts are moved according to population shifts so that each district has about the same number of people |
| Boundary | a vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below (called the subsoil) and the airspace above, dividing one state from another |
| Geometric Boundaries | drawn using grid systems such as latitude and longitude or township and range |
| Physical-Political Boundaries | follow an agreed upon figure in the natural landscape Ex: The center point of a river or crest of a mountain range |
| Definitional Boundary Dispute | focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement |
| Locational Boundary Dispute | center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary. the definition is not in dispute, but its interpretation is |
| Operational Boundary Dispute | involve neighbors who differ over the way their border should function |
| Allocational Boundary Dispute | are becoming more common as the search for resources intensifies |
| Classical Geopolitics | late 19th century/early 20th century geopoliticians were usually either part of the German school or the British/American school |
| German School | tried to explain why certain states were powerful and how they became powerful Friedrick Ratzel |
| British/American School | land-based power, not sea-power, would ultimately rule the world Sir Halford J. Mackinder "The Geographical Pivot of History" |
| Geopolitcs | term with negative connotations |
| Supranational Organization | three or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared Ex: United Nations, European Union |
| Deterritorialization | glabalization, networked communities, etc. undermine the state's traditional territorial authority |
| Reterritorialization | the state is moving to solidify control over its territory |
Created by:
Anjella
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