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Enlightenment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enlightenment | a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problem |
| Thomas Hobbs | explain his quote about government, know what government he favored: people had to hand over their rights to the government in order to have peace and protection, he favored absolute monarchy |
| Social contract | agreement by which people created a government |
| The old idea versus the new idea of government | OLD- monarch’s rule is justified by divine right, Government’s power comes from the people, NEW- government’s power comes from the consent of the governed |
| John Locke | natural rights- life ,liberty, property |
| What is natural rights? | All people were born with certain rights |
| Explain the five concepts of the Enlightenment philosophers | Reason-truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking, Nature-natural was good and reasonable,Happiness people were urged to find joy on earth,Progress-society and humankind could improve,Liberty-liberties the English won and Bill of Rights |
| Montesquieu | Separation of Powers |
| Voltaire | Freedom of thought and expression, and religious freedom |
| Beccaria | Abolishment of torture |
| Wollstonecraft | Women’s equality |
| What did Rousseau believe about women’s education? | Rousseau believed that a girl’s education should mainly teach her how to be a wife and mother |
| What was Mary Astell’s publication about? | This was about the lack of educational opportunities for women |
| What was Mary Wollstonecraft’s publication about? | Women need an education to become virtuous and useful |
| Why did Astell and Wollstonecraft have such strong feelings about this subject? | Education was closed to women; it could help women improve themselves and was key to exercising the same rights as men |
| What did Emilie du Chatelet do for science? | Translated Newton’s work to French which helped science interest in France |
| What three ideas did the writers of the Enlightenment examine? | The divine right of monarchs, the union of church and state, and unequal social classes |
| What three long-term effects help shape Western Civilization? | 1. Belief in Progress, 2. A more secular outlook, 3. Importance of the individual |
Created by:
Coach Baker
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