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Ap Geo Review unit 4
Pink sheet terms, important vocabulary and concepts.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nation state | Politically organized space where a nation and a state occupy the same space. Japan is in example but their are few states like it. So is Iceland. |
| Structure of contemporary political map. | Independent states are the building blocks of the of world political map. The types include, nations, states, nation-states, multinational states, multistate nations, and autonomous regions. |
| Evolution of contemporary political map. | Began in Europe, Colonialism and imperialism=spread of nationalism and influence of contemporary political boundaries. |
| Geopolitical influences on the contemporary political map. | After World War 2, Independence movements and democratization shaped political map. Fall of Communism led to creation of newly independent states, and changing the world balance of power. |
| Concepts of political power. | Power expressed geographically as control over people, land, and resources. |
| Territoriality | The connection of people, their culture and their economic systems to the land. |
| Nature and function of international and internal boundaries. | Boundaries are defined, delimited demarcated, and administered. |
| International boundaries | Establish the limits of sovereignty and can be the source of disputes. Influence identity and promote/prevent intentional or internal interaction and exchanges. |
| Law of the Seas | Enable countries to extend boundaries, which sometime results in conflicts. Permits states to delimit territory up to 12 miles. Sovereignty extends in all forms in this zone. |
| Exclusive economic zone | Economic rights up to 200 nautical miles; a right to control exploration of natural resources, in water, seabed and subsoil. |
| exclave | non-island piece of territory that is part of a state but lies separated from it by territory or another state. |
| enclave | piece of territory that is surrounded by another political unit which it is not a part of. *(Landlocked within the country which surrounded them.) |
| Forms of governance | unitary states and federal states. United States and Switzerland are Federal and France is unitary. |
| Unitary state | Central government has direct control of everything in the state. |
| Federal State | Central Government has authority but states or sub national states also have authority in the territory. |
| Supernationalism | The coming together of three or more countries for a common goal. |
| State morphology types | Compact- Poland Elongated - Vietnam and Chile Perforated- South Africa Fragmented- Indonesia, Azerbaijan, Sicily, Sardinia Prorupted- Thailand |
| Nation state examples | Japan and Greenland |
| Supernationalism examples | UN, NATO, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA. More than three states forge an association and form an administration for mutual benefit for a common objective |
| Forces that lead to devolution of states | Physical geography, ethnic separatism, terrorism, economic and social problems. |
| Difference between a state and a nation | A nation is a group of people who see themselves as one group because of similar culture and history and seek political-territorial autonomy. A state has an agreed definition among the International community and politically constructed. |
| Example of imperialization | Africa |
| Microstate | a state that encompass a very small land area. |
| Stateless nation | Examples- Palestine, Kurdistan, Saami |
| Economic devolution | splitting of a state due to differences in economics |
| Centrifugal | forces that divide people in a state |
| Centripetal | forces that unify a people in a state |
| devolution | is the movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state |
| multinational state | a state with more than one nation inside its borders |
| multistate nation | When a nation stretches across borders and across states |
| state | is a politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government. |
| nation | Refer to a group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial autonomy. All nations are ultimately mixtures of different peoples |
| Stateless nation example | the Kurds |
| The three basic tenets of world-systems theory, as Immanuel Wallerstein defines | Capitalism, commodification, and the three tiered world economy structure, of core, periphery, and semi periphery. |
| Federalism | all power vested in the provinces of the country, except those explicitly given to the federal government. |
| classic geopolitics schools | the German school and the US/Britain school |
| German school | Tried to explain why certain states were powerful and how they became powerful. Friedrick Ratzel |
| US/Britain school | Land-based power, not sea power, would ultimately rule the world. Sir Halford J. Mackinder |
| Unilateralism | One country in position of dominance and other countries follow its lead. |
| Deterritorialization | globalization, networked communities, etc. undermine the state’s traditional territorial authority |
| Reterritorialization | the state is moving to solidify control over the territory. |
| Define a boundary | boundary in a treaty-like legal document in which actual points in the landscape or points of latitude and longitude are described. |
| Delimit a boundary | the boundary by drawing on a map |
| Definitional boundary disputes | disputes focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement. |
| Locational boundary disputes | disputes center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary. The definition is not in dispute, but its interpretation is. |
| Operational boundary disputes | involve neighbors who differ over the way their border should function. |
| Allocational boundary disputes | becoming more common as the search for resources intensifies. |
| Demarcate a boundary | demarcate the boundary by using steel posts, concrete pillars, fences, walls, or some other visible means to mark the boundary on the ground. |
| Geometrical boundaries | are drawn using grid systems such as latitude and longitude or township and range |
| physical-political boundaries | follow an agreed upon figure in the natural landscape |
| Peace of Westphalia | negotiated in 1648, marks the beginning of the modern state system |
| Devolution in Europe | France, Spain, United Kingdom, Italy, Poland |
| Heartland theory | Halford Mackinder, Political power based on the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate world. Easter Europe controlled access to the Euraisain interior, its ruler would command a vast heartland to the east. |
| superimposed boundary | a boundary or border line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern or imposed by external powers |
Created by:
Zandertoy
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