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Ch. 11 History Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| caliph | successor to the messenger of God. |
| Umayyads | lost power in A.D. 750. |
| Omar Khayyam | Mathematician, astronomer, and poet. |
| oasis | green area in a desert fed by underground water. |
| Indonesia | includes more Muslims than any other nation in the world. |
| Ottoman Empire | began in Turkey. |
| Sunnis | believe the Umayyad dynasty should rule. |
| Akbar | the greatest Mogul ruler who brought peace to his territory. |
| Mecca | the largest and richest town in Arabia. |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship. |
| Abu al Abbas | first ruler in the Abbasid dynasty. |
| Bedouins | desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis for water. |
| Quran | holy book of Islam. |
| Timbuktu | west African center of Muslim learning. |
| Taj Mahal | a beautiful tomb in India. |
| Suleiman I | sultan of the Ottoman Empire in the 1500s. |
| minarets | tower of a mosque from which the crier calls believers to prayer five times a day. |
| Muslims | followers of Islam. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | acts of worship that Muslims must fulfill. |
| Shiites | believe Muhammad’s son-in-law should rule after his death. |
| How did Arab merchants transport goods across the desert? | caravans. |
| What group of people felt threatened by Islam? | wealthy merchants. |
| Muhammad built an army, then conquered what city? | Mecca. |
| What did the Shiites think about the Umayyads being in power? | they had no right to be in power. |
| What did the Seljuks rule over? | the government and army. |
| Did the Ottoman Empire allow religious freedoms? | yes. |
| Where did most Muslims in the Arab Empire live? | on farms. |
| What did Muslim scholars preserve? | ancient learnings. |
| What does the term "Islam" mean? | surrendering to the will of God. |
| What happened when Muhammad and his followers left Mecca? | Madinah made Muhammad its ruler. |
| Who were the Rightly Guided Caliphs? | rulers who obeyed Islam's teachings. |
| What did the Sunnis believe? | the Umayyad dynasty should rule. |
| When did the Arab Empire end? | when Mongols burned Baghdad. |
| Ottoman Empire | one of the largest and most powerful Muslim empires. |
| Did the Mogul ruler Akbar allow religious freedom? | yes. |
| What country today has the largest Muslim population? | Indonesia. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | belief, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, charity. |
| Belief | Muslims must believe that Allah is the only God and Muhammad is his prophet. |
| Prayer | Muslims must pray five times a day facing Mecca. |
| Fasting | Muslims must not eat from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan. |
| Pilgrimage | Muslims must visit Mecca at least once in their life. |
| Charity | Muslims must give to the poor. |