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respiratory system
REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the nasal cavity | Chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia |
| What are olfactory neurons? | Receptors for the sense of smell |
| What happens to CO2 as it enters pulmonary capillaries? | It diffuses from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters alveolar spaces |
| What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe? | 1)Contracts during inspiration 2)Relaxes during expiration |
| What is external respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries |
| What is internal respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries |
| What is pulmonary ventilation | breathing |
| Describe the transport of respiratory gases | When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and O2 to body cells |
| What is the respiratory System responsible for | Exchange of O2 and CO2 |
| What are exudates | Fluid that is usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells |
| What are transudates | Non-inflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein |
| What are the causes of asthma | Allergens Irritants Stress Cold exercise |
| What are the three major disorders included in COPD? | Asthma Chronic bronchitis Emphysema |
| What is emphysema | Characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli |
| cystic fibrosis | a hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands |
| rhonchus | abnormal braeth sound heard on auscultation |
| crackle | abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation; also called rale |
| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell |
| pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough and a "whoop" |
| tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli; aka acid-fast bacillus |
| pneumonia | an inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, ect |
| antihistamine | block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissue |
| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, may be acute or chronic |
| palatine tonsils | collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx |
| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
| pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles |
| compliance | ease with which lung tissue can be stretched |
| Pleural effusion | excess of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| pneumectomy | excision of a lung |
| viscous | extremely thick |
| stridor | high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound |
| thoracic (chest) x-ray | images of the chest taken from AP, PA and lateral views |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane |
| mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity |
| sweat test | measurement of the amount of salt in sweat used to diagnose CF |
| spirometry | measurement of ventilator ability by assessing lung capacity and flow |
| oximetry | method of monitoring the percent of Hb saturated with O2 |
| diffuse | moving or spreading out of a substance at random |
| pulmonary function test | multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| lung scan | nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli |
| postural drainage | positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs |
| antitussive | relieve or suppress coughing |
| bronchospasms | spasms in the bronchial passage |
| bronchodilators | stimulate bronchial muscles to relax and expand air passages |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity |
| carbon dioxide | tasteless, colorless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process |
| oxygen | tasteless, odourless, colorless gas essential for human respiration |
| apnea | temporary loss of breathing |
| arterial blood gases | test that measures PO2, PCO2,pH and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample |
| throat culture | test used to identify pathogens,especially group A streptococci |
| visceral pleura | the innermost layer lying next to the lung |
| parietal pleura | the outermost layer, lining the lung |
| percussion | the process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure |
| auscultation | the process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope |
| oxygenation | the process of providing the body with adequate amounts of oxygen |
| pharynx | throat |
| alive | viable |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx |
| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinal structures |
| larynx | voicebox |
| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation |
| trachea | windpipe |
| ABG | arterial blood gases |
| AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DPI | dry powder inhaler |
| DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
| FVC | forced vital capacity |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
| Hx | history |
| IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| MDI | metered-dose inhaler |
| NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
| O2 | oxygen |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TPR | temperature, pulse, respiration |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| VC | vital capacity |
Created by:
AshleyMcM
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