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Political Ideologies
Summerville High School MWH
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nation-state | a state made up of people with a common culture, language and history |
Conservatives | People who want little or no changes in government (kings, nobles and church in Europe) |
Liberals | Middle class people who want the right to vote and be represented in Parliament for themselves. Focus on Enlightenment values |
Radicals | working class people who want government to ensure their safety and rights, more concerned with working and living conditions |
Nationalism | wanting a country for yourself and people like you, or being extremely proud of your country to the point where you build up your military and attack other countries. |
Louis-Napoleon | Elected leader of France, but crowns himself emperor (Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew) |
Alexander II | responsible for freeing the serfs in Russia |
Alexander III | responsible for Russian industrialization |
Count Cavour | responsible for the process of Italian unification. Unified the Northern part of Italy |
Giuseppe Garibaldi | responsible for uniting southern Italian states. His followers were called Red Shirts |
Otto von Bismarck | master of realpolitik. Responsible for German unification (Prussian Chancellor) |
Realpolitik | politics of reality |
Seven Weeks War | War between Austria and Prussia in 1866. Solidified Prussia’s dominance over the northern German Empire. |
Franco-Prussian War | War between France and Prussia, manufactured by Bismarck. Final stage in German unification. |
Russification | the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire |
Capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit. |
Socialism | an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. |
Communism | an economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses – are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally. |
Anarchism | political theory that sees all forms of government and economic systems as being undesirable and harmful. |
Karl Marx | father of communism. Wrote the Communist Manifesto. |
Adam Smith | father of capitalism. Wrote The Wealth of Nations. |
Laissez-faire | the idea that the government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses. |
Reform Act of 1832 | British legislation that opened up voting rights to middle class men. |
Abolition | process of ending the institution of slavery. |
Emancipation Proclamation | a declaration issued by US President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, stating that all slaves in the Confederate states were free. |