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Chapter 5
Muscular Skelton 2-2-2016
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What produces almost all movements of the body | Muscle cell action |
| Three types of muscles | Voluntary, Involuntary, Cardiac |
| What muscle type is governed by the CNS and appear striated or striped under microscope | Skeletal (striated) or voluntary muscles |
| What muscle type is quadrangular, joined end to end and grouped in bundles supported by framework of connective tissue | Cardiac |
| The capacity of muscles to receive and react to stimuli | Irritability or Excitability |
| Tissues ability to return to normal resting length when a stress has been removed | Elasticity |
| Ability of muscle to stretch | Extensibility |
| Muscle tissue supplies a network of | Blood, Lymph vessels, capillaries and nerve fibers |
| Facia is situated just below the skin and covers the entire muscular system | Superficial fascia |
| Extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle into bundles of muscle fibers or fascicles | Perimysium |
| Smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber | Sarcomere |
| Skeletal muscle fibers are connected to what | Branch of motor neuron |
| Muscle fiber has how many nerve fiber connections | One |
| Motor nerve has how many nerve fiber connections | Many and can connect to several muscle fibers |
| Small muscle fibers that provide intricate movements has how many motor units | 6 to 12 muscle fibers |
| Large muscles provide less intricate movements and have how many motor units | Several hundred muscle fibers in a single motor unit |
| ATP can be stored int eh muscle cells to sustain a contraction for how long | Few seconds |
| ADP can be reconstituted into ATP | True |
| 2 reasons muscle become fatigued and affect the muscles ability to respond to nerve impulses. | Circulation of blood can't keep pace with demand for oxygen or because the waste products accumulate faster then the can be removed. |
| Chicken white breast meat is constructed of whey types of fibers | Type II |
| Darker leg and thigh is what type of fibers | Type I |
| Fibers that have a relatively slower contraction time and high resistance to fatigue | Type I, slow twitch fibers |
| Skeletal tissues are attached to what | Bone |
| Point where the end of the ;muscle is anchored to a immovable section of the skeleton | Origin of the muscle |
| Muscle is located more proximal to tor nearer the center of the body is what | Origin |
| More mobile attachment of the muscle to bone | Insertion of muscle |
| Occurred when a muscle contracts and the ends of the muscle do not move | Isometric contraction |
| Occurs when a muscle contracts and the distance between the ends of the muscle changes | Isotonic contraction |
| Isotonic contraction is said to be | Concentric |
| The primary muscle responsible for a specifc movement | Prime mover or Agonist |
| The muscle that performs the opposite movement of the agonist | Antagonist |
| Muscles that assist the agonist | Synergists |
| Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles | Spasm |
| Spasms that are sustained | Tonic |
| Spasms that alternate between contraction and relaxation | Clonic |
| Most common injury to a muschle | Strains (torn/pulled muscles) |
| Where do most strains occur | 80% in muscle belly or between muscle and tendon |
| Intervention that occurs in first 24-48 hours of muscle strain | PRICE - Protect, rest, ice, compression and elevation |
| Massage is contraindicated during the acute stage of a muscle strain | True |
| If a muscle cannot be contacted or is contracted only very weakly the muscle tissue rapidly degenerates and begins to wast away | Atrophy |
| Syndrome characterized by pain, fatigue and stiffness in the connective tissue of the muscles, tendons, and legaments | Fibromyalgia |
| Group of related diseases that seems to be genetically inherited and cause a progressive degeneration of the voluntary muscular system | Muscular Dystrophy |
| Action of Levator Scapulae | Elevation of scapula |
| Action of Serratus Anteriour | Stabilization, upward rotation and protraction of the scapula |
| Action of Coracobrachialis | Flexion and adduction of humerus |
| Action of Anterior Deltoid | Flexion, horizontal rotation |
| Action of Biceps Brachii | Flexion of arm and forearm, supinates forearm |
| Action of Sartorius | Flexes, laterally rotates and abducts thigh; assist with flexion and medical rotation of knee |
| How many joints does the Gastrocnemius cross | 2 Joints: Knee and ankle |
| Muscles that are located in the neck and act on the Neck | Scalenus - Anterior, Medial and Posterior |
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