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Chapter 5
Muscular Skelton 2-2-2016
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What produces almost all movements of the body | Muscle cell action |
Three types of muscles | Voluntary, Involuntary, Cardiac |
What muscle type is governed by the CNS and appear striated or striped under microscope | Skeletal (striated) or voluntary muscles |
What muscle type is quadrangular, joined end to end and grouped in bundles supported by framework of connective tissue | Cardiac |
The capacity of muscles to receive and react to stimuli | Irritability or Excitability |
Tissues ability to return to normal resting length when a stress has been removed | Elasticity |
Ability of muscle to stretch | Extensibility |
Muscle tissue supplies a network of | Blood, Lymph vessels, capillaries and nerve fibers |
Facia is situated just below the skin and covers the entire muscular system | Superficial fascia |
Extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle into bundles of muscle fibers or fascicles | Perimysium |
Smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber | Sarcomere |
Skeletal muscle fibers are connected to what | Branch of motor neuron |
Muscle fiber has how many nerve fiber connections | One |
Motor nerve has how many nerve fiber connections | Many and can connect to several muscle fibers |
Small muscle fibers that provide intricate movements has how many motor units | 6 to 12 muscle fibers |
Large muscles provide less intricate movements and have how many motor units | Several hundred muscle fibers in a single motor unit |
ATP can be stored int eh muscle cells to sustain a contraction for how long | Few seconds |
ADP can be reconstituted into ATP | True |
2 reasons muscle become fatigued and affect the muscles ability to respond to nerve impulses. | Circulation of blood can't keep pace with demand for oxygen or because the waste products accumulate faster then the can be removed. |
Chicken white breast meat is constructed of whey types of fibers | Type II |
Darker leg and thigh is what type of fibers | Type I |
Fibers that have a relatively slower contraction time and high resistance to fatigue | Type I, slow twitch fibers |
Skeletal tissues are attached to what | Bone |
Point where the end of the ;muscle is anchored to a immovable section of the skeleton | Origin of the muscle |
Muscle is located more proximal to tor nearer the center of the body is what | Origin |
More mobile attachment of the muscle to bone | Insertion of muscle |
Occurred when a muscle contracts and the ends of the muscle do not move | Isometric contraction |
Occurs when a muscle contracts and the distance between the ends of the muscle changes | Isotonic contraction |
Isotonic contraction is said to be | Concentric |
The primary muscle responsible for a specifc movement | Prime mover or Agonist |
The muscle that performs the opposite movement of the agonist | Antagonist |
Muscles that assist the agonist | Synergists |
Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles | Spasm |
Spasms that are sustained | Tonic |
Spasms that alternate between contraction and relaxation | Clonic |
Most common injury to a muschle | Strains (torn/pulled muscles) |
Where do most strains occur | 80% in muscle belly or between muscle and tendon |
Intervention that occurs in first 24-48 hours of muscle strain | PRICE - Protect, rest, ice, compression and elevation |
Massage is contraindicated during the acute stage of a muscle strain | True |
If a muscle cannot be contacted or is contracted only very weakly the muscle tissue rapidly degenerates and begins to wast away | Atrophy |
Syndrome characterized by pain, fatigue and stiffness in the connective tissue of the muscles, tendons, and legaments | Fibromyalgia |
Group of related diseases that seems to be genetically inherited and cause a progressive degeneration of the voluntary muscular system | Muscular Dystrophy |
Action of Levator Scapulae | Elevation of scapula |
Action of Serratus Anteriour | Stabilization, upward rotation and protraction of the scapula |
Action of Coracobrachialis | Flexion and adduction of humerus |
Action of Anterior Deltoid | Flexion, horizontal rotation |
Action of Biceps Brachii | Flexion of arm and forearm, supinates forearm |
Action of Sartorius | Flexes, laterally rotates and abducts thigh; assist with flexion and medical rotation of knee |
How many joints does the Gastrocnemius cross | 2 Joints: Knee and ankle |
Muscles that are located in the neck and act on the Neck | Scalenus - Anterior, Medial and Posterior |