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C8 The Muslim World
C8 Lessons 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sheikh | the man chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders within the tribe to rule |
| Kaaba | a house of worship believed to have been built by Abraham. The cornerstone was the sacred black stone |
| Allah | the Arabic word for God |
| Quran | the holy book of Islam which contains the revelations (or ideas and commands) given to Muhammad from his god through the Angel Gabriel |
| Islam | the religion whose name means peace through submission to the will of Allah |
| Muslims | the name of people who practice religion of Islam |
| hijrah | the journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah in 622, which became year 1 of the official calendar of Islam |
| Bedouins | nomadic Arabs living in the desert |
| hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca to visit the Kaaba |
| shari'ah | the law code, practical laws to regulate their daily lives, developed by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's |
| hijab | a headscarf covering the head and neck |
| chador | a cloak that covers the full body with a head scarf worn underneath |
| burka | a piece of material that literally covers a woman's entire body from head to ankle with a mesh opening over the eyes so she can see where she's going |
| caliph | the successor to Muhammad, the head spiritual and political leader of Muslims |
| jihad | struggle in the way of God; fair, defensive warfare |
| Shi'ite/Shi'a | Muslims that only accepted descendants of Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law) as the true leaders of Islam |
| Sunni | Muslims who believe that all male Muslims have the right to be considered as the caliph |
| vizier | a high ranking official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries |
| mosque | a Muslim house of worship |
| minaret | the tower of a mosque from which the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer five times a day |
| sufi | Muslim mystics who seek communication with God through meditation, fasting and other rituals including dancing and spinning |
| sultan | the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and the Ottomans; it literally means "holder of power" |
| calligraphy | the art of beautiful handwriting |
| astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets |
| muezzin | the crier who calls the Muslim faithful to prayer from the minaret of a mosque |
| arabesques | the geometric patterns repeated over and over to completely cover a surface with decoration |
| The Great Mosque of Samarra | located in Iraq; the largest mosque of its time |
| Alhambra Castle | located in Spain; beautiful, well known piece of Islamic Arabic architecture and art in Europe |
| The Dome of the Rock | located in Israel, a mosque built on top of the famous Jewish temple built by Solomon. It is the place Muslims believe Muhammad ascended into heaven. |
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