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Chapter7Greece SFDS
Chapter 7 Greece SFDS
| Key Item | Definition |
|---|---|
| Isthmus | A small strip of land, with water on both sides, that connects two larger areas of land. |
| Cultural Borrowing | Adapting customs from one culture for use in another. |
| epic | A long story-poem. |
| polis | In ancient Greece, a city-state consisting of a town and the farms and villages that surround it. |
| acropolis | A fortress built on a hill. |
| agora | An open air market and gathering place in many ancient Greek city-states. |
| tyrant | Someone who takes control of a government by force and rules alone. |
| aristocracy | A wealthy ruling class. |
| helot | In ancient Sparta, a slave owned by the state. |
| oligarchy | A system in which a small group controls the government. |
| democracy | Rule by the people. |
| majority rule | A system in which the ideas and decisions supported by the most people are followed. |
| Cultural identity | A connection people feel with one another. |
| myth | A story that is passed down from generation to generation and usually tells about an ancient god or hero. |
| league | A group of allies. |
| tragedy | A serious play in which the main character comes to an unhappy ending. |
| comedy | A humorous play. |
| demagogue | A bad leader. |
| alliance | An agreement to cooperate. |
| Hellenistic | "Greek-like" |
| multicultural | Relating to many cultures. |
| Minoans | Lived on the island of Crete. They were seafaring people who traded their goods all around the Mediterranean Sea. Also, their cities were places of art and culture. That art will be used later on by the Mycenaeans. |
| Mycenaeans | Very war-like group of people who lived on the Peloponnesus. Borrowed art from the Minoans but turned it into their own by adding war scenes. |
| Homer | A blind poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. It's from these plays that we know about early life in Greece and we learn a lot about the character of these early Greeks. |
| Sparta | This is the most powerful city-state on the Peloponnesus. It is a militaristic society in order to keep their thousands of helots under control. Spartan life was communial. They are the warriors and athletes. |
| Athens | Most powerful city-state on the mainland. Was the center of learning and art for Greece. |
| Spartan Government | Spartans were ruled by an oligarchy. Sparta had two kings, and a 30 member Senate that made the decisions. The Senate was elected by male citizens. Then the assembly elected 5 ephors (landowners) to handle daily government. |
| Anthenian Government | Athens had a democracy. All male citizens could vote and be part of the assembly. The Council of 500 was chosen from the assembly by drawing names out of a bowl. Then the Council of 500 decided what the assembly would talk about. |
| Greek Identity | 1. Olympics 2. Religion 3. Language and alphabet 4. Common Ancestor Helen, therefore they are Hellenes. |
| Darius and Xerxes | The Persian leaders who wanted to conquer Greece during the Persian Wars. |
| Peloponnesian League | An alliance system of city-states on the Peloponnesus led by Sparta. |
| Delian League | The alliance formed by city-states on the mainland led by Athens. |
| Pericles | The leader of Athens during the Golden Age. He decided to pay people who were jurors and judges so more people would be able to participate in the government. He paid artists and architects to make Athens beautiful. And he paid scholars to study nature. |
| Golden Age of Athens | The Greeks were very proud of themselves for beating the Persians in the war. They then put this pride into art, literature and science. They made Athens beautiful, they wrote comedies and tragedies, and they studied nature and human life. |
| Sophocles | Wrote tragedies during the Golden Age of Athens. |
| Aristophanes | Wrote comedies during the Golden Age of Athens. |
| Socrates | A philosopher of ancient Greece. Taught by asking questions. Criticized the government and was sentenced to death by the demagogues because his ideas were dangerous. |
| Plato | Follower of Socrates. Thought that philosophers would be the best rulers and created the Academy to teach them how to rule. |
| Aristotle | Follower of Plato, and teacher of Alexander. More interested in how things worked. Paid close attention to science, law, economics, astronomy, and sports. |
| Philip | King of Macedonia. Grew up going to Greece during the summers, and came to love Greece. As an adult he conquered Greece and united them for the first time in peace. |
| Alexander the Great | Son of Philip. Wanted to conquer the known world. 1. allowed people to keep customs and rulers 2. built new cities to be centers of learning 3. named the cities after himself 4. Greek language 5. worshipped Greek gods. |
| Alexanders Legacy | Euclid and the study of geometry. Aristarchus and the revalation that the earth revovles around the sun. Doctors in Egypt discovered that the brain is the center of the nervous system. |
Created by:
Mrs. Hastings
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