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Chapter 5
Skeletal system 1-2014
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 main functions of skeletal system | Framework, protect organs, provide attachment for muscles, manufacture blood cells in the red bone marrow, store minerals such as calcium phosphate and carbonate and magnesium and sodium |
| What is the hardest structure of body besides dentine | Bone |
| Skull, pelvis and ribs (coastas) are what kind of bone shape | Flat |
| Legs, arms, fingers and toes are what kind of bone shape | Long |
| Carpals and tarsals are what kind of bones | Short |
| Vertebrae are what kind of bone | Irregular |
| Patella is what kind of bone | Sesamoid |
| Typically long bone that has enlarged areas on the ends and articulates with other bones. | epiphysis |
| The shaft of bone between the epiphysis | Diaphysis |
| Fibrous membrane that functions to protect the bone and serves as attachment for tendons and ligaments | Periosteum |
| Irregular shaped spaces defined by thin, bony plates called trabeculae | Spongy bone |
| Hollow chamber formed in the shaft of long bones that is filled with yellow bone marrow | Medullary cavity |
| Function is formation of red and white blood cells | Marrow |
| 2 types of marrow | Red and yellow |
| Functions in the production of red and white blood cells and platelets | Red bone marrow |
| Inactive blood-producing cells filling with fatty materials and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones | Yellow marrow |
| What is needed in diet for proper growth and hardening of bony structures | calcium, phosphorus and Vit D |
| Area between the epiphysis and diaphysis | Growth zone |
| Number of bones in the skeleton | 206 |
| Number of bones in cranium | 8 - frontal - 1; parietal -2; occipital - 1; temporal 2; sphenoid 1; ethmoid -1 |
| Number of bones in ear | 6- malleus-2; incus-2;stapes -2 |
| How many pairs of ribs articulate with the vertebrae | 12 pairs = 24 total |
| Number of bones in the upper extremeities | 64 - clavicle - 2; scapula - 2; humerus - 2; ulna - 2; radius - 2; carpals - 16; metacarpals - 10; phalanges -28 |
| Number of bones in the lower extremities | 66- pelvis (fusin of 3 bones: ischium, pubis and ilium- 6; femur - 2; patella - 2, fibula - 2; tarsals - 14; metatarsal - 10; phalanges - 28 |
| Great toe is called | Hallux |
| Thumb is called | Pollex |
| Ankle bone is called | Medial malleolus |
| Groove between greater and lesser tuberosity of humerus | Bicipital groove or inter-trabecular groove |
| Process of vertebra | Spinous |
| Point of elbow at the proximal end of the ulna | Olecranon process |
| Skeletal system is composed of | Bones, cartilage and ligaments |
| 2 main parts of the skeleton | Axial and Appendicualar |
| Bones of skull, thorax, vertebral column and hyoid bone | Axial skeleton |
| Bones of the shoulder, upper extremities, hips and lower extremeties | Appendicular skelton |
| What area of the cranium would you rub if you have a headache | Sphenoid bone |
| What suture is between the Occipital and Parietal bone | Lambdoidal suture |
| Immovable joints like the skull | Synarthrotic joints |
| Limited motion joints like symphysis pubis and sacroiliac joints | Amphiarthrotic |
| Freely movable joints | Diarthrotic |
| What secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint surfaces | Synovial membrane |
| Joints with no space that are held together by fibrous connective tissues | Fibrous joints |
| Joints held together with cartilage with no joint cavity | Cartilaginous Joints |
| Joint cavity that is surrounded by an articular capsule | Synovial joints |
| Slightly movable cartilaginous connected by flat disc of fibrocartilage i.e. symphysis pubis and intervertebral joints | Symphysis joint |
| Freely moveable synovial allows movement only in one plane i.e. flexion/extension i.e. elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints | Hinge joint |
| Freely moveable synovial, ball-like surface fits into cuplike socket i.e. hip and shoulder joint | Ball and socket joint |
| Freely moveable synovial, flat articulating surfaces i.e. intertarsal and intercarpal joints | Gliding joint |
| Freely moveable synovial, two saddle-shaped bones fit together i.e. joint between thumb metacarpal and wrist carpal | Saddle joint |
| Firm, tough, elastic substance, similar to bone but without mineral content | Cartilage |
| 3 things Cartilage does | Cushions bones at joints, prevent jarring, give shape to external features i.e. nose/ears.kles |
| Bands or sheets of fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone and help support the bones at the joints i.e. wrist and hand | Ligaments |
| Have an extension on one bone that rotates inb relation to the bone it articulates iwth i.e neck or radius/ulna | Pivot joints |
| Moves through one plane only ie elbow, know or 2 distal joints of the fingers | Hinge joints |
| Joints permit the greatest ROM i.e. hips and shoulder | Ball and Socket joints |
| Nearly flat surfaces that glide across one another ie spine, carpal and tarsal | Gliding joints |
| Involve bones with concave articulating surfaces, i.e. thumb | Saddle joints |
| Oval shaped end of one bone that articulates with an ellipsoid basion of another i.e distal ends of the radius and trapezium at wrist | Condyloid or ellipsoid joint. |
| Massage is appropriate in subacute stage around fractures that have been stabilized to encourage circulation and reduce edema | True |
| Fx that is not all the broken | Incomplete fracture |
| Broken bone that does not penetrate the skin with the environment. | Close or simple |
| Broken bone that is in communication through the skin with the environment. | Open or compound |
| When the bone breaks into several pieces. | Comminuted |
| Bone displaced with a joint | Dislocation |
| Can you massage a acute episode or a herniated disk | No |
| Injury to a joint that results in the stretching or tearing of the ligaments but is not sever enough to cause a dislocation | Sprian |
| All classifications of sprains require what treatment | Rest and support while tissues heal |
| Chronic,systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease and is the most serous and crippling form of arthritis | Rheumatoid |
| Chronic disease that accompanies ageing | Osteoarthritis |
| Increased porosity of bones | Osteoporosis |
| Lateral curve of the spine | Scoliosis |
| Exaggerated lordotic or concave curve mostly found in lumbar spine | Lordosis |
| Abnormally exaggerated kyphotic or convex curve or the thoracic spine | Kyphosis |
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Protire
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