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Hum Geo Sem 1-Unit 2
Unit 2: Population
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Population Density | A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land. |
| Arithmetic Population Density | Population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. Divide population of areal unit by number of square kilometers or miles |
| Physiologic population density | The number of people per unit area of arable (cultivable) land |
| Major population concentrations | East Asia, South Asia, Europe, North America, Nile Valley... |
| Megalopolis | large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world. |
| Doubling time | The time required for a population told double in size |
| Population explosion | The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, ever shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase |
| Natural increase | Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a population does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movement |
| crude birth rate (CBR) | Number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | Number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | Average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | Figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population |
| Demographic Transition Model | based on Western Europe's experience. Changes in population growth in countries under industrialization process. High birth and death rates followed by plunging death rates creating population gain. Convergence of death and births at lower level |
| Stationary Population Level (SPL) | Level at which a national population ceases to grow. |
| Immigration | Person migrating into a new country or area |
| Emigration | a person leaving a country or area to settle elsewhere |
| Laws of Migration | Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants |
| Law of Migration 1 | Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration |
| Law of Migration 2 | The majority of migrants move a short distance. |
| Law of Migration 3 | Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destination |
| Law of Migration 4 | Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas |
| Law of Migration 5 | Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults |
| Distance Decay | Effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction |
| Step migration | Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for ex. from farm to nearby village and later to town and city |
| Chain migration | ex. one migrant settles and communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there. |
| Voluntary migration | Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move. |
| Forced migration | Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate. |
| Remittances | Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in poorer countries. |
| Cyclic movement | Movement -ie. nomadic- that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally |
| Refugees | People who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country |
| Periodic movement | Movement -for example, college attendance or military service -that involves temporary, recurrent relocation |
| Restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase. |
| Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others. |
| Expansive population policies | Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
| One child policy | A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China. |
Created by:
CJoannou
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