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Chapter 13
European Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Middle Ages | Era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500-1500. Also called the medieval period |
| Franks | Germanic people who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (modern France) and established a great empire during the Middle Ages |
| Monastery | A religious community of men (called monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship |
| Secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters |
| Carolingian Dynasty | A dynasty of Frankish rules, lasting from 751-987. Greatest ruler was Charlemagne |
| Charlemagne | Greatest king of the Carolingian dynasty. Spread Christianity throughout the area that makes up modern France to Germany |
| Lord | In feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals |
| Fief | An estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe |
| Vassal | In feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services |
| Knight | In medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback |
| Serf | A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate |
| Manor | A lord's estate in feudal Europe |
| Tithe | A family's payment of one-tenth of its income to a church |
| Chivalry | A code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion |
| Tournament | A mock battle between groups of knights |
| Troubadour | A medieval poet and musician who traveled from place to place, entertaining people with songs of courtly love |
| Clergy | A body of officers who perform religious services-such as priests, ministers, or rabbis |
| Sacrament | One of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people |
| Canon law | The body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church |
| Holy Roman Empire | An empire established in Europe in the 10th century AD, originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy |
| Lay investiture | The appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles |
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