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Anthroplogy
final study cards
| gene: | a section of genetic material (DNA) that has a specific function |
| allele: | the alternative form of a gene that occurs at a given locus. |
| mitosis | the process of replication of chromosomes in body cells. |
| meiosis: | the creation of sex cells by replication of chromosomes followed by two cell divisions. |
| Mendel’s Principle of Segregation: | Alleles (what Mendel called factors) segregate (separate) during the formation of sex cells. The genetic basis of any trait is determined by one allele from each parent |
| Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment: | The genes controlling different traits are inherited independently of one another. |
| Ardipithecus ramidus | Currently considered hominid by most experts. Strong evidence of bipedality; retained features for tree-climbing |
| Australopithecus afarensis | Early australopithecine species. Includes “Lucy.” Bipedal, small cranial capacity, some primitive dental traits. Long arms and curved fingers/toes. |
| Australopithecus garhi | Large teeth, small brain, may have made stone tools. Possible ancestor to Homo |
| Robust Australopithecines (A. boisei, A. robustus, A. aethiopicus) | Sometimes separated into their own genus Paranthropus. Called robust australopithecines due to their large molar teeth and jaws and sagittal crests. |
| Homo erectus | Larger cranial capacity and body size than H. habilis. Thick skull and large browridges. More modern body proportions (leg length). Some think the African and Asian variants should be different species |
| Archaic humans; Sometimes called H. heidelbergensis | Much disagreement on classification. Larger and thinner cranial vault and less facial prognathism than H. erectus. |
| Neandertals (Homo neandertalensis) | Sometimes referred to as subspecies (H. sapiens neanderthalensis). Robust postcranial skeleton; long skull with occipital bun; midfacial prognathism |
| Anatomically modern Homo sapiens | Anatomically similar to humans today. High forehead, rounded cranium, chin. |
| Homo erectus fossils have been found in all of the following areas EXCEPT? | North America |
| The earliest (oldest) anatomically modern human fossils date to about 190,000 years ago and come from | Africa |
| Anatomically modern Homo sapiens typically have | a rounded skull and distinctive pointed chin |
| . According to the most recent DNA studies, people from ___________ share the most genes with Neandertals. | Italy |
| There is strong evidence for which species being the first to use stone tools? | Homo habilis |
| The Multiregional model for modern human origins states that Homo sapiens evolved | as a single interbreeding species in Africa, Europe and Asia |
| The Mousterian tool industry consists of | . rounded flake tools used by Neandertals |
| Acheulean tools are associated primarily with the species | Homo erectus |
| Members of the genus Australopithecus tend to have much larger ___________ than either chimpanzees or modern humans | molar teeth |
| Which of the following activities was performed by early modern Homo sapiens (Upper Paleolithic) people, but NOT by Neandertals? | painting elaborate cave art |
Created by:
mluz2012
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