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GS Topic 1
Stack #20781
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abraham | The first patriarch in the Bible. Abraham was asked by God to sacrifice his son, Isaac, and was rewarded for being prepared to do so. He is considered by Jewish people as the father of the Israelites through his son Isaac, and by Muslims as the father of |
| Ahimsa | In Hinduism, it is the principal of non violence against all living things |
| Analects, The | Collection of moral and social teachings of Confucius, including the concept of the Five Relationships |
| ancestor worship | Worship given to deceased relatives who are believed to be closer to the Gods, and therefore able to grant favors |
| Animism | The oldest known type of belief system in the world. It is still practiced in a variety of forms in many traditional societies. Animists practice nature worship. They believe that everything in the universe has a spirit. This is exemplified by the practic |
| archipelago | A group or chain of islands |
| Atman | In Hinduism, the human soul. |
| BCE | Date designation meaning Before Common Era, or more than two thousand years ago. |
| Bhagavad Gita | A Hindu holy book where the god Krishna teaches the importance of selflessness, performing religious duties, and of devotion to God |
| Brahma | Hindu god called the Creator. Brahma is the first member of the triad that includes Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the Destroyer |
| Brahman | In Hinduism, Brahman is the name given to the oneness of the universe |
| Buddha | Hindu for “enlightened one." See also Siddhartha Gautama |
| Buddhism | Buddhism developed in India, and is based on many of the core concepts of Hinduism.. Buddhists believe in an endless cycle of reincarnation, or samsara, which is similar to beliefs of Hinduism. However, Buddhists do not believe that deities are responsibl |
| calendar | A system for keeping track of time |
| Caliph | In Islam, the successor to the Prophet Mohammed |
| Caste System | A rigid social class system in Hinduism |
| CE | Date designation meaning Common Era, or the last two thousand years of history |
| Christ, Jesus | 8-4 BCE- 29? CE) Founder of Christianity. Considered by Christians to be the son of God and the Messiah. He is the central figure in the Christian Religion |
| Christianity | Currently the most popular religion in the world based on the number of worshippers found throughout the world. While this monotheistic religion developed from Judaism, there are several key differences in its teachings. Christianity was founded by Jesus |
| civilization | A society that has a high level of culture and social organization including organized government, job specialization, and a organized belief system |
| Confucianism | Confucius lived in China during the Chou Dynasty, when there was mass disorder and confusion and degrading moral standards. Confucius was appalled by what appeared to be the fracturing of Chinese society. He believed that the only cure was to stress a sen |
| Confucius | 551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi. |
| constitution | A document detailing the fundamental laws of a country or organization |
| Dalai Lama | The spiritual leader of the Tibetan sect of Buddhism, and is considered to be the reincarnation of the bodhisattva, or "buddha-to-be |
| dharma | The act of fulfilling one's duty in life. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism |
| divine | Godlike, or coming from, or having to do with a god |
| Eightfold Path | Code of behavior for followers of Buddhism |
| emperor | Political ruler of a country of nation. Similar to a king. |
| Fake Word | This is a fake Word |
| filial piety | A part Confucianism where respect is paid to the parents |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Code of behavior for followers of Islam. Includes Charity, Daily Prayer, Profession of Faith, Fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca called the hajj. |
| Five Relationships | Confucian philosophy about social order where everyone has a place and respect is paid to elders, parents, and the government. The relationships are, ruler to ruled, father to son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, friend to friend. |
| Four Noble Truths | Siddhartha's Gautama philosophy of the nature of human suffering and its relation to desire is articulated by four statements |
| Ganges River | Located in India, this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals |
| Gautama, Siddhartha | 563?-483?BCE), Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism. Siddhartha was born into the Brahmin caste, and by all account led a luxurious lifestyle. However, he was troubled by the human misery that he saw around him everyday. Upon reflection, he dedu |
| hajj | The pilgrimage or holy journey to the city of Mecca |
| Hebrew | Semitic language originating in ancient Palestine and spoken by the Israelites. Modern Hebrew was developed in the 19th and 20th centuries from the ancient written language. |
| Hegira | The flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Median which was instrumental to the founding of the religion of Islam. Occurs in 622 ACE, which dates the founding of Islam |
| Hinduism | A polytheistic religion that was formed from a variety of different religious practices. In Hinduism, salvation is achieved through a spiritual oneness of the soul, atman, with the ultimate reality of the universe, Brahma. To achieve this goal, the soul m |
| Hirohito | (1901-1989) Emperor of Japan from 1926 until 1989. He is the last Japanese emperor to be considered divine. Led Japan through World War II. |
| Holy Land | Term given to lands in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
| Holy Trinity | Formed by the Creator (Father), Redeemer (Son), and Sustainer (Holy Spirit). Christians believe that these three entities are all part of a single higher power |
| human and physical geography | The study of the environment, people, and the resources they use to live. |
| Imam | In Islam, the leader of prayers and religious scholar. |
| Islam | The word Islam, which when translated from Arabic, means "to submit to the will of Allah," is the youngest of the world's major religions. Worshippers of this monotheistic religion are known as Muslims, which means "one who submits to the will of Allah." |
| jihad | Effort in God’s service waged by Muslims in defense of the Islamic faith. |
| Judaism | Judaism is the oldest known monotheistic religion still practiced in the world today. Its fundamental teachings have been influential and are the basis for more recently developed religions such as Christianity and Islam. Judaism teaches that there is one |
| Kami | Sacred spirits that are worshipped in the Shinto religion of Japan |
| karma | Actions in this life resulting from the consequences of a previous life’s actions. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Lao Tze : | 570-490 BCE?) Chinese philosopher credited with originating Taoism/Daoism. His teachings were collected and published as the Tao-te Ching. |
| Mahabharata | Hindu epic poem that was written in Sanskrit in the 5th century BCE. Its most important part is the Bhagavad-Gita. |
| Mecca | A city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims must make a pilgrimage at least once in their life. |
| Mencius | (371?-289 BCE), Chinese philosopher, who studied Confucianism. He later refined many of the ideas and spread them across China. Also known as Mengzi, or Meng-tzu. |
| messiah | According to the Hebrew Bible, an anointed king who will lead the Jews back to the land of Israel and establish justice in the world. According to the Christians, the Messiah was Jesus Christ |
| Mohammed | Prophet of Allah; founder of Islam |
| Moksha | In Hinduism, it is the release from the cycle of reincarnation through unification with Brahma. |
| monotheism | The belief in one god or goddess |
| Moses | He is considered a founder of Judaism due to his role in the liberation of the Hebrews from Egypt, and his delivery of the Ten Commandments from Mount Sinai sometime around 2000 BCE. |
| mosque | A domed Islamic religious building |
| Muezzin | In Islam, one who issues a call to prayer, causing the faithful to gather at the local Mosque. |
| New Testament | The second half of the Christian Bible. It describes the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, as well as other Christian teachings |
| Nirvana | In Buddhism, spiritual enlightenment |
| Old Testament | The first half of the Christian Bible, that describes the creation of the world, the history of ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains the Psalms and the prophetic books. Also is the Hebrew Torah. |
| patron | Someone who provides support to a specific cause and/or person/people. |
| peninsula | An area of land surrounded on three sides by water. Italy, Greece, and the southern part of India are all peninsulas |
| philosopher | A person who seeks to understand and explain the nature of things around them. A scholar of philosophy |
| philosophy | A system of thought devoted to the examination of ideas such as truth, existence, reality, causality, religion, and freedom |
| pilgrimage | A religious journey to visit a shrine or other holy site |
| polytheism | The belief in many gods or goddesses |
| Quran | Islamic holy book |
| Rabbi | Jewish scholar charged with conducting religious services, ensuring that Jewish laws are observed, and serving as a spiritual guide for the community |
| Ramadan | The ninth month of the Muslim calendar. All Muslims must fast during daylight hours, except the very young or sick. |
| Ramayana | Hindu epic story about the hero Rama who was the incarnation of the god Vishnu. |
| reincarnation | The rebirth of a soul into another body |
| religion | A person's beliefs concerning the existence and worship of a god or gods, and divine involvement in the universe and human life. |
| reverence | The respect or devotion that others show someone or something |
| rigid social class system | A social class system where there is no mobility. A person remains in the same class their entire life |
| river | A moving body of water that usually has its source in an area of high ground |
| sacraments | Religious practices such as baptism, and receiving the Eucharist |
| sacred | Worthy of or regarded with religious worship, and/or respect. |
| Samsara | In Hinduism, the term given to the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. |
| Shaman | Somebody who communicates with the spiritual realms on behalf of the living. Seen in many Animistic types of belief systems |
| Shinto | Shinto, which means "Way of the Gods," is the traditional religion of Japan that focuses on nature. Many consider Shinto to be a form of Animism due to the many similarities found between them. Shinto teaches that there is a sacredness of the whole univer |
| Shiva | Hindu god called the Destroyer. Shiva is the third member of the triad that includes Brahma the Creator and Vishnu the Preserver. |
| subcontinent | Large area that is a separate part of a continent. The area encompassing India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are considered to be a subcontinent of Asia |
| Talmud | The collection of Jewish writings that is the basis of Jewish religious law |
| Taoism / Daoism | The Chinese philosophy of Taoism (or Daoism) developed in the latter part of the Chou Dynasty, during a period of turmoil in which it was not clear that Chinese civilization would survive. It represents a naturalistic ideal of how one should live their li |
| Tao-te-Ching | Collected teachings of Chinese philosopher Lao Tze, the founder of Taoism/Daoism. |
| Ten Commandments | The ten laws given to Moses by God, according to the Bible |
| Torah | The holy book of Judaism. It describes the creation of the world, the history of ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains the Psalms and the prophetic books. |
| Torri | The red gateway entrance to a Shinto shrine |
| tradition | A long-established custom or belief |
| Tripitka | The collection of religious writings by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. |
| Untouchables | Members of Hindu society thought to have been removed from the Caste System, with no hope of returning to it, due to their misdeeds in previous lives. Work that is deemed unclean for all other Hindus is reserved for these Outcasts. After winning its indep |
| Upanishads | Hindu holy book from the 8th century BCE. |
| Vedas | A Hindu holy book which is a collection of Aryan hymns that were transmitted orally before being written down in the 6th century BCE. |
| Vishnu | Hindu god called the Preserver. Vishnu is the second member of the triad that includes Brahma the Creator and Shiva the Destroyer |
| Wheel of Life | important symbol of Buddhism. It represents the endless cycle of life through reincarnation |
| Yin and Yang | Symbol used to illlustrate the natural harmony that exists in the world. Everything must have an opposing force that allows the harmonious universe to exist |
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