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Chapter 10
The Muslim World
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Allah | The Arabic name for God |
Muhammad | Visited by the angel, Gabriel. He began to teach that Allah was the only God. He was the last of the prophets. |
Muslims | People who agree with the basic principles of Islam. The word means,"one who has submitted." |
Hijrah | The name of Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Yathrib. |
The Dome of the Rock | Located in Jerusalem. It is the earliest surviving Islamic monument. |
The Five Pillars | Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage; all Muslims must carry out these duties. |
Hajj | A holy pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims must carry out at least once in their lives. |
Ramadan | The holy month when Muslims fast. |
Qur'an | The holy book of Muslims. |
Caliph | A title that means "successor" or "deputy" to Muhammad. |
Jihad | A word that means "a struggle against unbelievers." |
Umayyads | The family that moved the Muslim capital to Damascus. |
Shi'a | The group of Muslims who believed the caliph needed to be a descendant of the Prophet. Its meaning is "the party of Ali." |
Shi'ites | Members of the Shi'a group. |
Sunni | The group that did not outwardly resist the rule of the Umayyads. |
Sufi | A group of Muslims who rejected the luxurious life of the Ummayyads. They pursued a life of poverty and devotion to the spiritual path. |
Calligraphy | The art of beautiful handwriting. |