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Chapter 6
Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Republic | Form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote |
| Patricians | In ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class |
| Plebeians | In ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population |
| Tribunes | In ancient Rome, an official elected by the Plebeians to protect their rights |
| Consuls | In the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government |
| Senate | In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats |
| Dictator | In ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time |
| Legion | A military unit of ancient Roman army, made up of about 5000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback |
| Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 BC); Resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general that led the 2nd Punic War. Planned to invade Rome from the north with a massive army. Plan worked initially, but Rome was able to regroup and defeat him |
| Civil war | A conflict between two political groups within a country |
| Julius Caesar | Military leader that became an absolute ruler in Rome. Instituted a number of reforms that made him popular among the people of Rome. Roman senators would eventually kill him |
| Triumvirate | a group of three leaders sharing control of the government |
| Augustus | real name is Octavian, Caesar's grand nephew, restored parts of the republic |
| Pax romana | a period of peace and prosperity throughout the roman empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D 180 |
| Jesus | his ideas come from Jewish traditions, such as monotheism, and the principles of the Ten commandments. he stressed the importance of people's love for God, their neighbors, their enemies, and even themselves |
| Apostles | a group of followers of Jesus who preached and spread his teachings |
| Paul | an apostle who had enormous influence on Christianity's development. He never met Jesus and at first was an enemy of Christianity. |
| Diaspora | the dispersal of jews |
| Constatine | A roman emperor who ended persecution of Christians in Rome |
| Bishop | A priest who supervised several local churches |
| Peter | An apostle who traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became the first bishop there |
| Pope | The father or head of the Christian church |
| Inflation | a drastic drop in the value pf money coupled with a rise in princes |
| Mercenaries | foreign soldiers who fought for money |
| Diocletian | Roman empire who ruled with an iron fist and severely limited personal freedoms, he restored order to the empire and increased its strength |
| Constantinople | the new capitol of Rome |
| Attila | United the huns to defeat the roman empire |
| Greco-Roamn culture | the mixture of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture |
| Pompeii | destroyed by mount Vesuvius erupted, covering it in a thick layer of ash and killing about 2,000 residents. |
| Aqueducts | designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns. |
Created by:
tj03tayl
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