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Anthro Midterm
For anthro 110 midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Refers to a category based on a person's economic position in society. | Class |
| One path of cultural development. Morgan. Societies go through stages of savagery to barbarism and then to civilization. Tylor and Frazer. | Classic 19th century unilineal evolutionary theory. |
| Julian Steward. Multilineal evolutionary theory. Major idea: humans use culture to adapt to the environment. Links between production system, social organization and environment. | Culture Ecology |
| Applies the idea of natural selection to individual rather than group behaviour. Emphasizes that humans are biological beings. Biological explanations for behanvior. | Sociobiology |
| What is a main flaw of Sociobiology. | Human culture is too varied |
| What is a main flaw to classic 19th century unilineal evolutionary theory? | Inherent prejudice, biased towards Europeans. |
| Interested in the social relations of production. Conflicts between those who control production and workers. How people engage with each other to produce things. | Marxist and Neo-Marxist |
| Based on the idea that technology/ideas are invented once and passed on to neighbors. Looks for superficial similarities between cultures. | Diffusionism |
| Put forward by Durkheim a sociologist, brought to anthro by Malinowski. Looks for the social function of social events or institutions. Organic analogy: society is like an organism. | Functionalism |
| Uses organic analogy. Based on assumption that the most important function of any social act or institution is to maintain society. Here structure refers to the patterned system of social relations (ie professor/student). | Structural Functionalism |
| An in-depth non-comparitive study of a culture. Supports salvage anthropology. Believes that society is a unique product of its past. Franz Boas. | Historical Particularism |
| Pierre Bourdieu. Key concepts: habitus the idea of accustomed practices, constituting a shared understanding of the world, that patterns choices. Social Capital. | Theory of practice. |
| Structure defined as pairs of opposite ideas in a society. Argue that people think in terms of these structures. Use the structures to analyze myths. | Structuralism |
| Based on the idea that action has cultural meaning and can be interpreted as a literary text would be. | Interpretive approaches. |
| Questions the concept of objective truth in favor of pointing how truth varies according to the social characteristics of a person. Leads to reflexivity of researchers. Too apolitcal | Post Modernism. |
| Who are 3 inventors of classical 19th century unilineal evolutionary theory? | Morgan, Frazer and Tylor |
| Who is the inventor of cultural ecology? | Julian Steward |
| Who is the sociologist and anthropologist that invented Functionalism? | Emile Durkheim and Malinowski |
| Who invented structural functionalism? | A.R. Radcliffe-Brown |
| Who invented Historical particularism | Franz Boas |
| Who invented the theory of Practice? | Pierre Bourdieu |
| Who invented Structuralism? | Claude Levi Strauss |
| Who invented interpretive Approaches? | Clifford Geertz |
| Ascribed Status | Race, ethnicity, gender |
| Acheived Status | Class |
| Civil society | Diverse interest groups that operate outside the government to organize aspects of life. |
| Activist groups | Formed with the goal of protesting political repression, human rights violations and abuses to the environment. |
| Social sanctions | Exist to ensure a certain degree of social conformity. |
| Norms, laws. | Social sanctions. |
| Informal act that calls attention to a cause | Resistance |
| Organized with a specific goal. Not challenging the entire system. Somewhat organized acts to protest specific policies or people in power. | Rebellion |
| Revolution | Within-state conflicts to change institutions or structure of society. Tries to completely change a political structure. Lots of organization, influence the masses. |
| Feuding | Most universal form of group conflict. Based on revenge. Small scale societies. |
| Ethnic Conflict. | Attempts to gain autonomy from a dominant group. Caused by opression, attempted genocide or ethnocide. Comittment to a cause. Deeper issues often exist, ie. claim to resources. |
| Warfare | Organized purposeful group action directed against another group. Lethal force legal if conducted according to the rules of battle. |
Created by:
minkeydog
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