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History 10
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arabia | the one million square mile peninsula that lies southeast of the Fertile Crescent |
| Bedouins | Arab nomads |
| Ishmael | Abraham's first son who is the father of the Arabs |
| Mohammed | the founder of Islam |
| A.D. 570 | the year of Mohammed's birth |
| Mecca | the birthplace of Mohammed and the first city he conquered |
| Kaaba | a religious building which housed a meteorite known as the Black Stone |
| Black Stone | the sacred treasure stored at Kaaba |
| Allah | the god of Islam |
| Hegira | Mohammed's flight from Mecca; the turning point for Islam |
| Yathrib | the city to which Mohammed fled; became known as "the city of the Prophet" or Medina |
| jihad | the Muslim's name for "holy war" |
| Islam | the religion begun by Mohammed; the name means "surrender" |
| Muslims | followers of Islam; the name means "surrender" |
| Koran | the Muslim holy book; the name means "recitation" |
| caliphs | Mohammed's successors |
| 732 Battle of Tours | the vital defeat of the Muslims, important because it halted the Muslim advance into western Europe |
| pilgrimages | large groups of people traveling from Europe to worship in the Holy Land |
| Seljuk Turks | fierce tribe which took much of the Middle East from the Arabs in the 11th century |
| Battle of Manzikert | the battle in which the Seljuk Turks conquered Asia Minor from the Eastern Roman Empire |
| 1071 | the year of the Battle of Manzikert; Seljuk Turks conquered Asia Minor |
| Pope Urban II | the pope who proclaimed the beginning of crusades |
| 1054 | the year the Roman Catholic church officially split into western and eastern parts |
| First Crusade | the crusade led by nobles which resulted in Europeans reconquering Asia Minor and Jerusalem |
| Alexius Comnenus | the Eastern emperor during the First Crusade |
| Second Crusade | the crusade which accomplished nothing because French and German armies were defeated before they even reached the Holy Land |
| Saladin | the Muslim leader who reconquered Jerusalem during the Second Crusade |
| Third Crusade | the "Crusade of Kings"; accomplished little |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | the English king who was a valiant leader in the Third Crusade |
| Fourth Crusade | the crusade that never reached the Holy Land but instead attacked and robbed the city of Constantinople |
| 1100-1300 | the 200 years of the Crusades |
| Ottoman Turks | the Turks who became the most powerful force in the Muslim world of the Middle East in the late 13th century |
| Mohammed II | the leader of the Ottomans who captured Constantinople in 1453 |
| capture of Constantinople by Mohammed II | the event that marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453 |
Created by:
Mariah14
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