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Chapter 1
Beginnings of Civilization
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Artifacts | Ancient human made objects, such as tools and jewelry |
Culture | A people's unique way of life |
Hominids | Humans and other creatures that walk upright |
Paleolithic Age | Also called the Old Stone Age. Lasted from 2.5 million to 8000 B.C. |
Neolithic Age | Also called the New Stone Age. Lasted from 8000-3000 B.C. |
Technology | The way of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet needs |
Homo sapiens | The species name for modern humans |
Nomads | Highly mobile people who moved from place to place in search of food |
Hunter-gatherers | Nomadic groups whose food supply depends of hunting animals and gathering plant foods |
Neolithic Revolution | Major change in human life caused by the introduction of farming |
Slash-and-burn farming | System in which people cut down trees or grass and burn them to clear a field for farming. The ash serves as fertilizer |
Domestication | The taming of animals for human use |
River Valleys | Regions where farming developed |
Civilization | A complex structure made up of five characteristics |
Specialization | The development of of skills in a specific kind of work |
Artisans | Skilled workers that create goods by hand |
Scribes | Professional record keepers |
Cuneiform | A system of writing that consists of wedge shaped symbols |
Bronze Age | Refers to the time when people began using bronze instead of stone or copper to create tools and weapons |
Ur | Name of one of the earliest cities in Sumer |
Barter | Trading goods and services without money |
Ziggurat | A tiered, pyramid-shaped monument in Sumerian culture |
Five characteristics of civilization | Specialized workers, Record keeping, Advanced technology, Advanced cities, Complex institutions |