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AP WH Ch 13-14
Tang & Song China / Japan, Korea, Vietnam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Yangdi (13) | second Sui ruler; restored Confucian examination system; constructed canal system; assassinated in 618. |
| Ministry of Public Rites (13) | administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty. |
| Jinshi (13) | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office. |
| Pure-Land Buddhism (13) | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism, popular among masses of Chinese society. |
| Chan Buddhism (13) | called Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite. |
| Zen Buddhism (13) | called Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite. |
| Empress Wu (13) | Tang ruler 690–705; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. |
| Wuzong (13) | Tang emperor (841–847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism. |
| Yang Guifei (13) | royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt. |
| Liao Dynasty (13) | founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China. |
| Khitans (13) | founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture. |
| Neo-Confucians (13) | revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song-era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences. |
| Xi Xia (13) | kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry. |
| Wang Anshi (13) | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society. |
| Jurchens (13) | founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee south. |
| Southern Song (13) | smaller surviving dynasty (1127–1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. |
| Grand Canal (13) | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin |
| Junks (13) | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. |
| Flying Money (13) | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency. |
| Footbinding (13) | male-imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household. |
| Li Bo (13) | most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. |
| Taika Reforms (14) | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. |
| Tale of Genji (14) | written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society. |
| Fujiwara (14) | mid-9th-century Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. |
| Bushi (14) | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. |
| Samurai (14) | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor. |
| Seppuku (14) | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor. |
| Minamoto (14) | defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th-century Japan. |
| Bakufu (14) | military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai. |
| Gempei Wars (14) | waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira. |
| Shoguns (14) | military leaders of the bakufu. |
| Ashikaga Shogunate (14) | replaced the Kamakura regime and ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority. |
| Daimyos (14) | warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states. |
| Choson (14) | earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 B.C.E. |
| Koguryo (14) | tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification. |
| Sinification (14) | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions. |
| Khmers (14) | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi. |
| Trung Sisters (14) | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society. |
| Chams (14) | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south. |
| Nguyen (14) | southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi. |
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