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Ch. 13 V
Term | Definition |
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Yangdi | Second member of Sui dynasty ; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system;responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 |
LI Yuan | Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu |
Chang'an | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million , larger than any other city in the world at the time |
Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars |
jinshi | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature;became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office |
pure land Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society |
Chan Buddhism | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society |
Zen Buddhism | Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty |
Empress Wu | Tang ruler 690-705 CE in China; Supported Buddhist establishment ; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created |
Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840's reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor on Confucian ideology |
Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 although he encouraged overexpansion |
Yang Guifei | Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong, introduction of her relatives into royal administration led to revolt |
Zhao Kuangyn | Founder of Song Dynasty originally a general following the fall of Tang took title of Taizu failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent |
Liao dynasty | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria maintained independence from Song dynasty in China |
Khitans | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century |
Zhu Xi | Most prominent of neo-Confucian Scholars during Song dynasty in China Stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action |
neo-Confucians | Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences |
Tangut | Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China one of regional kingdoms during period of Southern Song conquered by Mongols in 1226 |
Xi Xia | Kingdom of Tangut people north of song kingdom in mid 11th century collected tribute that drained Song Resources and burdened Chinese peasantry |
Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070's ; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in Society |
Jurchens | Founders of the Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south |
Jin | Kingdom north of Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty ended in 1234 |
Southern Song | Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279 carved out of the much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history |
junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads sternmost rudders compasses, and bamboo fenders ; dominant in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula |
flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery early form of currency |
footbinding | Practice in Chinese society of mutilating women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement made it easier to confine women to the household |
Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings The name is alternatively spelled Li Po and Li Bai |