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Chapter 14
Western Europe
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. What was the disasters for the medieval world? | The division of the church, the Hundred Years' War and worst of all, The Plague. |
2. What did Pope Boniface VIII attempted to enforce on kings that preceded popes had but didn't work? | The pope was trying to enforce papal authority and it didn't work because King Philip IV of France asserted his authority over French bishops. |
3. Who was the newly selected pope for a new bishop? | The new pope was Clement V who moved from Rome to Avignon. |
4. What chose the successor for the deceased Pope Gregory XI in 1378? | The College of Cardinals chose a successor for Pope Gregory. |
5. What badly weakened the church? What was the worst result when reformers tried to move the papacy? | Avignon's move badly weakened the church. When The College Of Cardinals appointed an Italian pope. |
6. Why was appointing an Italian pope the worst result? | Appointing an Italian pope was the worst result because Pope Urban VI had a passion for reform and arrogance. |
7. Who was the newly selected pope that the cardinals elected a few months later? | Robert of Geneva was chosen as the newly selected pope who took on the name Clement V. |
8. What was their own problem that the College Of Cardinals created? | There were 2 popes now and each one were declaring each other to be a false pope and excommunicating his rival and created the Great Schism. |
9.Who ended the Great Schism? | Martin V ended the Great Schism. Though, the Schism greatly weakened the Papacy. |
10.Who was excommunicated in 1412 and why? Who was seized by Church leaders, tried as a heretic,and burned at the stake in 1415? | An Englishman named John Wycliffe was excommunicated in 1412 because he preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true leader of the church.Wycliffe was also seized by Church leaders, and tried as a heretic, and burned at the stake in 1415. |
11.How much of the European population did the plague kill? | The plague killed about approximately 1/3 of the European population. |
12. Where did the plague begin? | The plague began in Asia, mostly from the Mongols. |
13. What fleet of ships arrived in Sicily carrying the plague in 1347? | Genoese merchant ships arrived carrying the deadly plague. |
14. How long did it take for the plague to reach every part of Europe? | It took 4 years for the plague to reach every part of Europe. |
15. What were the causes for the plague's spreading? | 1. Black rats carried fleas that were infested with a bacillus. 2. People didn't clean themselves and almost all had fleas and lice. 3. Medieval people thew out their garbage and sewage in the streets. 4. The fleas carried by rats got on people with gr |
16. What were 3 symptoms of the plague. | 1. Painful swellings in the armpits. 2. Sometimes purplish or blackish spots on the skin. 3. High fever, chills, delirium, and in most cases, death. |
17. What was the death toll from the plague in the 1300's? | In Western Europe, the toll was 20-25 million deaths. China, India and other Asian areas had 25 million deaths and in other areas, it was 4 million deaths. |
18. What were 4 results of the plague? | 1. The high death tolls. 2. Town populations fell. 3. Trade declined and prices of goods rose. 4. The serfs left the manor for better wages. |
19. What also were results of the plague? | Nobles fiercely resisted peasant demands. Jews being blamed falsely on the plague and all over Europe, Jews were driven from their homes or massacred. |
20. Which 2 countries battled each other on French soil for just over a century? | The 2 countries were England and France and the century of war considered the end of Europe's middle ages. |
21. What were the causes of The Hundred Years' war? | When the last of Capetian king died without a successor, Edward III of England as grandson of Phillip IV, claimed the right to the french throne. The war that Edward III launched for the throne of France continued from 1337 to 1453. Victory passed from En |
22. What were the results of the Hundred Years' war? | The French rallied and drove the English out of France except for the port city of Calais. England developed the longbow which was useful for warfare. A feeling of Nationalism emerged. The french monarch's power and prestige increased. The English had int |
23. List 5 reasons for the decline of the middle ages. | 1. The Hundred Years' War ending in 1453. 2. Revival of trade and cities. 3. Revival of education and learning. 4. Formation of a middle class. 5. The crusades. |
24. What brought an end to chivalry? | The development of the longbow. |
25. What helped brought an end to feudalism? | The peasant's rebellion. |