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Enlightenment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Enlightenment? | law, government, politics intellectual movement |
| When did the Enlightenment period take place? | 1600s (17th century) |
| Where did the Enlightenment period mainly take place? | England and France |
| Where was Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Mary Wollstonecraft from? | England |
| What were Thomas Hobbes' main ideas? | -people are cruel -people need a strong central government to control them -absolute monarchy is the ideal form of government |
| What were Montesquieu's main ideas? | -separation of powers -checks and balances |
| What were John Locke's main ideas? | -all people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property -government can't take away these rights -if a government is corrupt it should be overthrown |
| What is Thomas Hobbes' most famous work? | the Leviathan |
| What did the Leviathan talk about? | the sovereign's ability to tax, believed equal justice includes equal imposition of taxes |
| What is John Locke's most famous work? | Two Treatises on Government |
| What did Two Treatises on Government talk about? | contests proofs from scripture, concluding that no government can be justified by an appeal to the divine right of kings |
| Where was Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau from? | France |
| What were Voltaire's main ideas? | -religious tolerance -separation of church and state -freedom of speech |
| What is Voltaire's most famous work? | Candide |
| What did Candide talk about? | begins in German town of Westphalia where a young man lives in the castle of Baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh then gets tutored by a philosopher |
| What is Montesquieu's most famous work? | The Spirit of Laws |
| What did The Spirit of Laws talk about? | political theory |
| What were Jean Jacques Rousseau's main ideas? | -people are good but become corrupt because of society -people agree to give up some of their rights in order to receive protection from the government |
| What is Jean Jacques Rousseau's most famous work? | The Social Contract |
| What did The Social Contract talk about? | theory on best way to establish a political community in face of the problems of commercial society |
| What were Mary Wollstonecraft's main ideas? | -women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be because of lack of education -suggests that both men and women should be educated -advocates revolution when necessary |
| What are philosophes? | philosophers and thinkers of the Enlightenment who believed that reason could be applied to all aspects of life |
| Why were a great deal of philosophes getting into trouble facing jail or exile? | for criticizing the monarchy |
| How did the Enlightenment spread? | salons and the encyclopedia |
| What were salons? | parties for educated people where philosophes spoke |
| Who made the encyclopedia? | Diderot |
| What was the encyclopedia useful for? | it tells about things going on around them |
| What were the 1600s and 1700s dominated by? | the baroque style of music |
| What is baroque characterized by? | grand, ornate, heavy, big design |
| What does baroque refer to? | music, painting, and literature of this period also evident in the palace of Versailles |
| What musicians is baroque music associated with? | Johann Sebastian Bach and George Fredrich Handel of England |
| What instruments is baroque music mostly written for? | pipe organ and harpsichord |
| What musicians is Neoclassical/classical music associated with? | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven |
| What instruments is Neoclassical/classical music mostly used with? | piano, clarinet, orchestras, flutes, harps, etc |
| What are enlightened despots? | enlightened absolute rulers |
| What did Fredrich the Great do? | believed in religious freedom, reduced censorship, believed serfdom is wrong, eliminated certain punishments |
| Who was Catherine the Great? | ruler of Russia from 1762-1796 |
| What did Catherine the Great do? | -reviewed Russia's laws instituted some reforms based on Montesquieu -did little to improve the lives of peasants -expanded empire into Poland |
| What was the Declaration of Independence influenced by? | John Locke's ideas of natural rights and overthrowing a corrupt government |
| What was the US Constitution influenced by? | Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances |
| What was the Bill of Rights influenced by? | John Locke's ideas of natural rights, Voltaire's ideas about freedom of speech and church of state |
| What were some new technologies of the Enlightenment? | -all weather roads -improvement in ship design -new farm tools |
| What are all the aspects of life? | -reason -nature -happiness -progress -liberty |
| What are checks and balances? | used to keep the government from getting too powerful i one branch |
Created by:
rachelme
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