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AP Human Geo Vocab
chapter 1 vocabuary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abiotic | composed of nonliving or inorganic matter |
| atmosphere | the thin layer of gases surrounding earth |
| biosphere | all living organisms on earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms |
| cartography | the science of making maps |
| concentration | the spread of something over a given area |
| connections | relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population |
| cultural ecology | geographic approach the emphasizes human- environment relationships |
| cultural landscape | fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group |
| culture | the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group's distinct tradition |
| density | the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area |
| diffusion | the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time |
| distance decay | the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its orgin |
| distribution | the arrangement of something across Earth's surface |
| environmental determinism | a 19 + early 20- century approach to the study of geography with argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities |
| expansion diffusion | the spread of a feature or ted among people from one area to another in a snowballing process |
| formal region( or uniform or homogeneous region) | an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics |
| functional region (or nodal region) | an area organized around a node or focal point |
| geographic information system (GIS) | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
| global positioning system (GPS) | a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking station, and receivers |
| globalization | actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
| greenwich mean time (GMT) | the time in that zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0* longitude |
| hearth | the tegion from which innovation ideas originate |
| hierarchical diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places |
| international date line | an arc that for the most part follows 180* longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. when you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hrs. when you go west (toward asi |
| lithosphere | earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust |
| latitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0*) |
| location | the position of anything on Earth's surface |
| longitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian |
| map | a two- dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it |
| mental map | a representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located. |
| meridian | an arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles |
| parallel | a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians. |
| pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in study of an area |
| map scale | the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on earth's surface |
| place | a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character |
| polder | land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area |
| possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives |
| prime meridian | the meridian, designed as 0* longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England |
| network | a chain of communication that connects places |
| projection | the system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map. |
| region | an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features. |
| regional (or cultural landscape) studies | an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area |
| relocation diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| remote sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long- distance methods |
| resource | a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use |
| scale | generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface |
| nonrenewable resource | something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans |
| site | they physical character of a place |
| situation | the location of a place relative to another |
| space | the physical gap or interval between two objects |
| space- time compression | the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems |
| stimulus diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
| toponym | the name given to a portion of Earth's surface |
| preservation | the maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible |
| transnational corporation | a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located |
| uneven development | the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy |
| vernacular region (or perceptual region) | an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
| biotic | composed of living organisms |
| cartography | the science of making maps |
| climate | the long term average of weather condition at a particular location |
| conservation | the sustainable management of a natural resource |
| ecology | the scientific study of organisms |
| ecosystem | a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact |
| geographic information science (GIScience) | the development and analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies |
| housing bubble | a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value |
| hydrosphere | all of the water on and near earth's surface |
| renewable resource | something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans |
| sustainability | the use of earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future |
Created by:
campbellm19
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