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Mesopotamia & Egypt

Mesopotamia and Egypt SOL 3

QuestionAnswer
What does Mesopotamia mean? land between two rivers
What two rivers make up Mesopotamia? Tigris and Euphrates
What is cuneiform? wedge-shaped writing developed by Sumerians
Which civilization was the first to use cuneiform? Sumer
ziggurat step-pyramid structure that housed a temple
Babylonian king best known for his code of laws Hammurabi
On what principle were Hammurabi's laws based? an eye for an eye
Describe the religious beliefs of ancient Mesopotamians? polytheistic, believed that they were to serve the gods, gods controlled nature
Who was the Akkadian king who defeated southern Mesopotamian city-states to create an empire? Sargon
fertile stretch of land extending from the Persian Gulf through Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Sea Fertile Crescent
Along what river did Ancient Egypt emerge? Nile
Why was Egypt considered the Gift of the Nile? the Nile provided Egyptians with life
triangular (fan-shaped) deposit of fertile silt where a river empties into a larger body of water Nile
name given to the Egyptian kings Pharaoh
What was the purpose of Egypt's pyramids? to protect the king's soul in afterlife
Describe the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians polytheistic, life after death (soul lives on), nature gods
What archaeological find allowed historians to decipher hieroglyphics? Rosetta Stone
Who discovered King Tut's tomb? Howard Carter
civilization located in modern-day Sudan (Upper Egypt) Kush
Why did Egypt and Mesopotamia develop along river valleys? fertile soil
How did most citizens of ancient river valleys make their living? farming
Why were farmers able to create an agricultural surplus? improved technologies like plow, irrigation systems, etc
What happened as a result of agricultural surpluses? increased role of government, growth of cities, cultural diffusion
What metal replaced copper and stone? bronze
What metal replaced bronze? iron
complex society with an urban focus, a distinct religious structure, an organized government bureaucracy, a social structure based on economic power, development of writing and artistic and scientific advancement civilization
What features of Mesopotamia made conflict between them likely? little protection from geographical features, continued trade and competition, limited arable land
What geographical features offered Egypt protection? surrounded by deserts and the cataracts
Egyptian form of writing hieroglyphics
Created by: rgillespie
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